30.6.09

Billy Mays, the infomercial king

MICHAEL JACKSON was not the only famous 50-year-old to meet an untimely death in the past few days. On June 28th it was reported that Billy Mays, America’s “infomercial king”, had gone to meet the Great Pitch Man in the Sky. “Hi, Billy Mays here” was his booming catchphrase, which certainly got straight to the point in a way typical of his no-nonsense approach to selling. His death was mourned by many Americans, including plenty who would never admit to having spent a minute of their time watching an infomercial, the medium he made his own.

OxiClean, a “huge value” detergent; ZorbEEZ, a “super absorbent” cleaning-cloth; Kaboom, an unstoppable cleaning fluid (“Kaboom! And the soap scum is gone!”); Orange Glo, which “cleans, polishes and protects, all at the same time”; and Mighty Putty, sticky stuff that is “going to solve all your problems”. These were among a long list of products introduced to consumers by Mr Mays, who with his sometime partner, Anthony Sullivan, was said to have generated over $1 billion in sales.

AP Cleaning up

Mr Mays was best known as a practitioner of infomercials lasting a couple of minutes, which may account for his fame. The longer variety can drag on for half an hour or more, whereas the quick-fire messages and demonstrations delivered by Mr Mays were sufficiently energetic and entertaining to inspire scores of affectionate parodies and dubbed-over versions on YouTube (check out, for instance, the “Billy Mays Gangsta Remix”).

Mr Mays learnt his art on the boardwalk of Atlantic City, demonstrating gadgets “As Seen On TV”. He gave bottles of OxiClean to the 300 guests at his wedding, and later went through his “Powered by the air we breathe!” routine from the OxiClean ad on the dance floor. More recently, he appeared with Mr Sullivan in a reality-television show, “Pitchmen”.

Many people regard advertising as one of the worst aspects of capitalism, and the in-your-face style of infomercials as the worst aspect of advertising—selling weak people goods they don’t need. Yet to their fans, infomercials are an example of capitalism at its best, because of the way they single-mindedly promote new products to the likeliest “early adopters”. To do so, they have become increasingly sophisticated. Marian Salzman, a trend-spotting guru at Porter Novelli, a public-relations firm, says that “infomercials have become pop culture and a shopping substitute, edutainment even,” and that Mr Mays “will be remembered as the Dean of Salesmanship.”

Sadly, Mr Mays has signed off at a time of great possibilities for infomercials. An industry said to have revenues of $30 billion a year and a growth rate of 7%, infomercials are proving surprisingly resilient in the face of the recession. Indeed, the collapse of mainstream advertising has made it cheaper for infomercial-makers to buy time on television and other media. Mainstream firms such as Avon, a cosmetics company, are embracing infomercials for the first time. In May the firm ran one designed to recruit saleswomen.

Amar Bhidé of Columbia University Business School and the author of “The Venturesome Economy”, which explains why America’s economy has prospered, says there are a number of advantages over other forms of advertising that, despite their relatively low rate of sales conversion, make infomercials “a particularly efficient channel”. Their direct-selling method means low labour costs and limited inventory (no need to stock the shelves of thousands of retail outlets across the country). Also, there is often risk sharing between the vendor and the television channel that screens the infomercial.

On June 29th the British government announced the launch of a £150m ($225m) venture fund to promote investment in small, innovative technology firms. Given governments’ poor record in picking future business winners, this may prove to be money wasted. If politicians want a surer way to increase innovation they might do better to invest in training people who, like Mr Mays, can persuade cautious consumers to take a chance on new products, thereby helping to build the initial demand needed to launch them. Want to know how? Simple. Governments of the world: call right now!

Ladybird 'risk to 1,000 species'


Harlequin ladybirds (PA)
The insects are the fastest-spreading alien species on record

The Harlequin ladybird is putting over 1,000 species in the UK in peril, scientists have warned.

"The rate of spread is dramatic and unprecedented," said Dr Helen Roy of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.

The ladybird has spread to most parts of the UK in just four years, preying on many other insects.

However, research outlined at the Royal Society's Summer Science Exhibition suggests local ladybird parasites are adapting to prey on the interloper.

To help that process along, scientists are suggesting introducing a mite that renders the ladybirds infertile.

MORE

Digital TV now in 90% of UK homes

Digital switch over, PA
Almost 90% of UK homes have turned to digital TV

Almost 90% of British homes are using digital TV, reveal figures from Ofcom.

The latest statistics on take-up of digital TV in the UK suggest that 18 million households, 89.2%, have a DTV receiver.

Digital video recorders, that can store, pause, or rewind live TV, are also proving popular.

Ofcom reports that about one million were sold in the first three months of 2009, taking the total in UK homes to 8.9 million.

MORE

28.6.09

Michael Jackson tops album chart


Number Ones
Number Ones last topped the UK album chart in 2003

Michael Jackson has topped the UK album chart and made six new entries in the singles top 40, six years after his last number one.

Greatest hits album Number Ones rocketed from 121 to the top spot after a surge in sales since the superstar's death on Thursday.

The same album earned Jackson his last number one when first released in 2003.

Four of his other hit albums also made a reappearance in the top 20, the Official Charts Company said.

Thriller, still the biggest-selling album of all time, raced from 179 to number seven, King of Pop reached 14, Off The Wall got to 17 and The Essential Michael Jackson came in at number 20.

A total of 11 Michael Jackson or Jackson Five albums featured in the top 200.

In the singles chart, 43 out of the top 200 singles feature the singer, with Jackson hits accounting for all but one of the new entries in the top 40.

Overall, Michael Jackson accounted for over 300,000 record sales across singles and albums in just two days this week.

World domination

Music retailers said that although demand for Jackson's singles had been high since his death, his extensive back catalogue meant that no one song stood out in sales and he was narrowly denied a posthumous entry in the top 10.

Michael Jackson albums
Stores have seen a surge in sales of Jackson's albums

Man in the Mirror re-entered the charts at number 11, nearly 20 years after its original release, while Billie Jean got to 25, Smooth Criminal to 28, Beat It reached 30 and Earth Song reached 38.

Jackson's return to the charts overshadowed electro-pop newcomer La Roux's new entry at number one in the singles chart with Bulletproof.

Kasabian also suffered and was knocked off the number one spot in the albums chart with West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum.

Gennaro Castaldo, of music retailer HMV, told the BBC the estimated demand for Jackson albums was now 80 times greater than the day before he died.

"Once we had the announcement of his death people came into our stores and we had large crowds.

"Fortunately we had a lot of stock because we had been preparing for the O2 concerts, but sadly we didn't expect to sell them for this reason."

'Larger in death'

Jackson's albums have dominated sales at music retailers and download sites across the world since his death. Earlier on Sunday his songs topped Apple's iTunes download charts in every country except Japan.

MICHAEL JACKSON 1958-2009
Full name: Michael Joseph Jackson
Born: August 29, 1958, Gary, Indiana, US
Also known as: The King of Pop, Wacko Jacko
Biggest hits: I Want You Back, Don't Stop Til You Get Enough, Billie Jean, Bad, Black or White, Earth Song
Sold:750 million albums
Earned:$700 million (estimated)

The star died after suffering a cardiac arrest at his Los Angeles home on Thursday.

Police investigating the death said they had carried out an "extensive interview" with his doctor, Conrad Murray, who was with the singer at the time.

A spokeswoman for Dr Murray insisted he was not a suspect in the case and the Los Angeles Police Department said they did not intend to speak to him again.

Jackson's family are said to be seeking a second autopsy because they still have questions about his death.

The Los Angeles County Coroner's office said there was no evidence of foul play after an autopsy on Friday, but gave no cause of death.

It said the results of toxicology tests could take weeks to come back.

Speaking in an interview with Fox News, Michael Jackson's father, Joe Jackson, said he doubted that stress over the star's upcoming residency at London's O2 Arena was a factor in his death.

He added he thought his son was going to be larger in death than he was in life, but wished he was around to see the public outpouring of affection since he died.

Oldest UK Olympian dies aged 100


Godfrey Rampling
Godfrey Rampling had celebrated his 100th birthday last month

Britain's oldest Olympian Godfrey Rampling, who won medals at the 1932 and 1936 Games in Los Angeles and Berlin, has died at the age of 100.

Mr Rampling celebrated his 100th birthday in May with actress daughter Charlotte Rampling and other relatives.

A member of staff at his care home in Bushey, Hertfordshire, said on Sunday that he died in his sleep on 20 June.

A 400m runner, he was a member of the Great Britain 4x400m relay teams which won silver in 1932 and gold in 1936.

In 1932 he anchored the 4x400m relay team to silver behind the US.

It's rather like when I was running. The older I get, the slower I get
Godfrey Rampling, in an interview in May

Four years later he ran a superb second leg to overtake his American rivals and help secure gold for his team.

Mr Rampling narrowly missed out on individual medals at both Games, but won gold in the 440 yards at the British Empire Games in 1934.

Born in Blackheath, south east London, he spent 29 years in the Royal Artillery before retiring with the rank of colonel in 1958.

Linda Simpson, clinical manager at the nursing home where Mr Rampling lived, said: "He was a lovely gentleman, he was a true gentleman and he will be truly missed."

Godfrey Rampling
Rampling ran alongside Fred Wolff, Bill Roberts and Arthur Brown in Berlin

On his 100th birthday on 14 May he was welcomed to his party by trumpeters from the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery.

The British Olympic Association was among those which offered its congratulations to Mr Rampling on his century.

"As our oldest living Olympic gold medallist his achievements both on the track, at the 1932 and 1936 Olympic Games, and off the track during his time in the Royal Artillery, are much to be proud of," a spokeswoman said.

In an interview with the Independent newspaper the week before his birthday, Mr Rampling said: "How old did you say I am? A hundred next week? Really? Are you sure? Good Lord, I'm surprised anyone remembers. How nice.

"These days it's rather like when I was running. The older I get, the slower I get."

10 things we didn't know last week

« Previous | Main

10 things we didn't know last week

16:19 UK time, Friday, 26 June 2009

10cv_226.jpgSnippets from the week's news, sliced, diced and processed for your convenience.

1. Camels travel by train.
More details

2. Buddhist monks sleep upright.
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3. Four-legged animals need to avoid doing "wheelies".
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4. Seagulls attack whales.
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5. If you use a tool for a while, your brain can mentally incorporate it into your body.
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6. The UK has the ability to launch "cyber attacks".
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7. British-style black cabs are now driven in China.
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8. Every film in which actress Dame Judi Dench swears results in complaints to the BBFC.
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9. There is a long tradition of "medals of dishonour".
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10. Chilli can be used as a weapon in crowd control.
More details

Week-long heatwave set to hit UK


sunshine
The government's heatwave plan has been triggered

A heatwave is to hit the UK bringing soaring day and night time temperatures and thundery showers throughout the week, the BBC's weather unit have said.

In London the temperature will rise steadily from about 29C on Sunday to about 32C by the end of the week.

In the rest of the UK temperatures will climb from about 22C on Sunday to about 29C on Friday.

However, BBC weather said an on-shore breeze will keep Eastern England and Eastern Scotland cooler during Sunday.

On Friday the Met Office issued a heatwave alert for England and Wales and the Department of Health has asked people to check up on vulnerable friends, relatives and neighbours.

NHS staff have also been warned to prepare for a surge of elderly and ill patients suffering from the heat.

Hit by lightning

The Met Office has predicted that around the country daytime temperatures could reach 29-30C, with minimum night-time temperatures of 15-18C.

London, the East of England, South West, South East and the Midlands are the most likely to be affected.

Above average temperatures are expected in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

The high temperatures will be accompanied by high humidity and thundery showers, BBC weather centre said.

Various parts of England were hit by severe thunderstorms on Saturday night.

In Birmingham, a 16-year-old boy suffered a cardiac arrest and five others were hurt in a lightning strike.

Older people, especially those on medication, can often find coping with the heat particularly difficult
Age Concern

Officials had already said this summer may be warmer than the past couple of years.

With climate change, heatwaves are likely to become more common over the next few decades and the Chief Medical Officer has warned of an increase in deaths in times of hot weather.

Heatwave guidance

The Department of Health has advised people to keep their homes as cool as possible and remembering the needs of friends, relatives and neighbours who could be at risk is essential.

"Windows should be kept shaded and closed when the temperature is hotter outside than inside.

"People with respiratory problems should stay inside during the hottest part of the day," a DoH spokesman said.

Other advice in the government's heatwave plan includes to drink cold drinks like water or fruit juice regularly and avoid tea, coffee and alcohol.

Help the Aged and Age Concern welcomed the advice.

A spokesman said: "Older people, especially those on medication, can often find coping with the heat particularly difficult."

26.6.09

Download Junkie

Highlights This Week Include:

Boxee for Windows 0.9.12
Freeware
View your media collection through your TV
26 June 2009

CCleaner 2.21
Freeware
System cleansing & optimisation tool
26 June 2009
OpenOffice Portable 3.1
Freeware
Take this office suite on the road
26 June 2009
Ashampoo UnInstaller 4.0
Trial Software
Thoroughly remove installed software
26 June 2009
Colabolo Preview 5
Freeware
Collaborate, share & track your team
25 June 2009
PNotes 4.7
Freeware
Add sticky notes to your desktop
24 June 2009
O&O DiskImage 4
Trial Software
Backup & restore your entire drive
24 June 2009
Defraggler 1.11
Freeware
Defragment your hard drive
23 June 2009
SpiderOak 3.0.9161
Freeware
Backup content online & share with others
22 June 2009
WavePad for Windows 4.03
Freeware
Master & edit your own audio tracks
22 June 2009

Recommended Downloads
  1. Paragon Partition Manager 10 Express
  2. Ashampoo WinOptimizer 5
  3. Ashampoo Burning Studio 2009
  4. TuneUp Utilities 2007
  5. Paragon Hard Disk Manager 8.5 SE
  6. iolo Search and Recover 5
  7. Spyware Doctor 6 Starter Edition
  8. PC Tools Desktop Maestro 2
  9. Acronis True Image 2009
  10. Avanquest Connection Manager
See more recommended downloads..
Software Recommendation
PureSync 2.1
Sync remote files to & from your computer
PureSync is a tool that you can use to get your files across to another location, whether this is a connected USB drive, network location or remote server space. It’s synchronisation software, so you simply upload the files you require and then run PureSync each time you need to update those files. The process works both ways. If you or someone else has uploaded a newer file to the remote server, then PureSync will sync the updated file back to your PC...

Read more about PureSync...

Poppy Time

The Tome Lord


Dr Who novels

Before video and DVD, Dr Who fans who wanted a fix of the Time Lord in between the TV shows relied on a series of official novels. Writing for the Magazine, Mark Gatiss recalls his love of Dr Who's adventures in print.

Even without the keys to a Tardis it's possible to transport some of us back to a magical childhood time when all nights seemed wintry and dark, the football results never ended and Doctor Who was the best show on television: the heroic Doctor, the fantastic monsters, the gently moralising stories... and during the eternity between new seasons of the TV programme, we had the books.

FIND OUT MORE...
Mark Gatiss
Mark Gatiss presents On The Outside It Looked Like An Old- Fashioned Police Box on BBC Radio 4 on Tuesday 23 June at 1130 BST
Or hear it later here on the iPlayer

When Dr Who's early days are remembered, it's nearly always his televisual incarnation that's recalled.

But alongside the TV Doctor there was the much forgotten print Doctor - the Dr Who brought to life by a publishing imprint called Target books.

Target gave us exciting versions of the stories we had seen - and glimpses into a strange and mysterious past where the Doctor had been someone else.

Whenever I was off school my medicine of preference was always a well read copy of the Doctor's adventure on the planet Spiridon* - and maybe oxtail soup - because it took me light years away from my four walls in County Durham and into the Doctor's universe. What a comfort - and genuine inspiration - those books were.

The first proper series of Dr Who books was launched in 1973, by which time the TV series had been running for a decade. At that point, three actors had played the lead role. William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton were the first two. In 1970 the series moved to colour with a new Doctor, Jon Pertwee, who was an immediate success in the role.

His warm, action-loving, moral, vain, frilly-shirted dandy was my Doctor. And I loved him. From his first adventure battling the vicious Nestene Consciousness** to that nasty business down at the meditation centre*** he was my hero.

Pre-DVD world

Dr Who had actually entered print form, albeit tentatively, in the 1960s. There had been three standalone Doctor Who novelisations of TV stories, featuring Hartnell.

The Three Doctors, 1972
The "casual bohemian elegance" of Jon Pertwee, centre

Aware of the show's new lease of life under Pertwee a small, children's publisher, Target, decided to reprint these earlier novels with new cover illustrations. They did well.

And so the people at Target thought, like the villainous Omega before them: "It is not enough!" The show was a success; there was a market. Doctor Who fiction was exploitation in the best possible way.

Little could Target have guessed how hungry the audience would turn out to be for these stories.

Overall, it's impossible to divorce the Target books from the period we are talking about. Scarcely anything was repeated on TV in those days, except last Christmas's Mike Yarwood Show so, if you missed something, you missed it.

In an age before video and DVD, the Target novelisations were a chance to relive the television adventures. Many of the black and white 1960s stories had been wiped by the BBC altogether, so the books were the only record. Through them you could experience stories that had disappeared into the programme's folklore.

I devoured these books. Not literally. Though I did live in the north and was always hungry. I remember going into a shop in 1975 and seeing the novelisation of the series' 10th anniversary story The Three Doctors, which had been on TV a couple of years before.

The cover illustration showed the power-crazed Omega, crackling cosmic energy over all three incarnations of the Doctor. I just had to have it. I bought it for 35p, and while my parents went shopping at a garden centre in Darlington I sat in the back seat of the Hillman Minx and read it straight through. My first Target book. I read it, I reread it. I think I knew every word.

Crotchety, baggy

My second was Doctor Who and the Cybermen. What was more annoying was that the last 20 pages were missing due to a binding mistake at the publishers. My copy ended with Jamie, the Doctor's assistant, saying: "I don't understand… how could that happen Doctor?"

Peter Davison, was a 'slight, fair-haired figure' with a 'pleasant open face' - which made me try and imagine what an unpleasant, closed face looked like
Mark Gatiss

I thought: "That's an oblique ending." Or, possibly, I didn't. I didn't get a proper version for years. It became a wonderful ritual, saving pocket money, then deciding which Target book to go for.

Part of the joy of reading the books was the house style. The multitude of chapters headed Escape to Danger. The classic description of the Tardis materialising with a "wheezing, groaning sound".

Then there were the wonderful stock descriptions of the Doctor himselves. Hartnell was usually in the "crotchety old man in a frock coat with long flowing white hair" area whilst Troughton had "baggy check trousers and a mop of untidy black hair" with "a faraway look in his eyes" which were either green/blue or blue/green and which were "funny and sad at the same time".

My Doctor, Jon Pertwee, had an "old/young face, a "beak" of a nose and "a mane of prematurely white hair", while Doctor number four, the great Tom Baker, routinely had a "mop of curly hair" a "broad-brimmed hat" and a "long, multi-coloured" scarf which always contributed to a "casual bohemian elegance".

His successor, Peter Davison, was a "slight, fair-haired figure" with a "pleasant open face" - which made me try to imagine what an unpleasant, closed face looked like.

Cover illustrations

The monsters too had their own familiar style. Inside the armour casing of a Dalek was "a bubbling ball of hate". Meanwhile the Cybermen were routinely described as "tall, emotionless silver giants motivated by one goal... POWER!"

David Tennant and Catherine Tate as Dr Who and sidekick
The Doctor in today's watch-when-you-want iPlayer era

The hissing, green Ice Warriors were always described as "a once proud race". I love that. I still long to create a race of aliens that were "once proud" and are now… not.

The books were beautifully designed, made to be collected and artist Chris Achilleos was the great cover illustrator.

He had this fantastic technique of doing the main picture of the Doctor as a series of tiny black and white dots - almost pointillist, which I loved. The cover of Doctor Who and the Daleks had a spectacular painting of Hartnell with frock coat and signet ring - and I always found this imposing, mysterious Doctor from the series' past thrillingly scary.

The colours were always dazzling - like a film poster, using a montage of swirling stars and planets with the Doctor and his companions foregrounded. And always the small Target insignia on the spine.

Faithful to the show they certainly were, but there were things the books - being books - could do better. After all, a typewriter can take you anywhere in the Universe, not just to a Home Counties quarry. Doomed minor characters were brought out and developed. Some books stayed close to the dialogue, with minimal description and were rather thin. Others were just that little bit more literary.

The Target Doctor Who novelisations were phenomenally successful; they ran to 156 titles and the books sold millions of copies world-wide, becoming one of the best-selling ranges of children's books ever published.

They changed the reading habits of a generation.

* see Doctor Who and the Planet of the Daleks
** see Doctor Who and the Auton Invasion
*** see Doctor Who and the Planet of the Spiders

London Eye's £12.5m refit begins


Workers remove the capusle
The pods will be removed one at a time

The £12.5m upgrade of the London Eye has begun with the removal of the first of its 32 capsules.

The 10-tonne capsule was taken down from the 440ft (134m) high wheel on the South Bank and floated down the river to Tilbury Docks in Essex.

The pod will be taken to Worcester where new heating and ventilation systems and entertainment facilities, will be installed.

The work is scheduled to be completed in time for the 2012 London Olympics

A temporary capsule, which does not carry visitors, will be used to replace each one while it is being worked on.

The owner said the attraction would remain open as normal during the work, with capsules being upgraded one at a time.

The capusle is take down the Thames
Each capsule will be floated down the Thames to Tilbury Docks

Ceiling-mounted TV screens and better wi-fi are also being installed.

London Mayor Boris Johnson said: "Our city has an unrivalled range of unique attractions that draw people from across the world and the much-loved London Eye is one of the most recognisable.

"This investment is fantastic news and underlines the commitment there is to ensuring the capital will be at its best and ready to welcome record numbers of visitors when we host the 2012 Games."

Now owned by Merlin Entertainments Group, the Eye opened in 2000 and welcomes around 3.5 million tourists every year.

David Sharpe of Merlin Entertainments Group, said: "It's fantastic to now have this very exciting project underway following not just months, but years of very careful planning.

"Already we've seen some really dramatic work underway, with the removal of the first capsule last night and positioning of the replica capsule in its place.

"No doubt Londoners will be very intrigued to see capsules floating down the Thames again."

Web slows after Jackson's death


Google error page
The sheer number of queries concerned Google

The internet suffered a number of slowdowns as people the world over rushed to verify accounts of Michael Jackson's death.

Search giant Google confirmed to the BBC that when the news first broke it feared it was under attack.

Millions of people who Googled the star's name were greeted with an error page rather than a list of results.

It warned users "your query looks similar to automated requests from a computer virus or spyware application".

"It's true that between approximately 2.40PM Pacific and 3.15PM Pacific, some Google News users experienced difficulty accessing search results for queries related to Michael Jackson and saw the error page," said Google spokesman Gabriel Stricker.

It was around this time that the singer was officially pronounced dead.

Google's trends page showed that searches for Michael Jackson had reached such a volume that in its so called "hotness" gauge the topic was rated "volcanic".

Fail

Google was not the only company overwhelmed by the public's clamour for information.

The microblogging service Twitter crashed with the sheer volume of people using the service.

Google user graph
Searches for topics related to Michael Jackson peaked at 3PM Pacific

Queries about the star soon rocketed to the top of its updates and searches. But the amount of traffic meant it suffered one of its well-known outages.

Before the company's servers crashed, TweetVolume noted that "Michael Jackson" appeared in more than 66,500 Twitter updates.

According to initial data from Trendrr, a Web service that tracks activity on social media sites, the number of Twitter posts Thursday afternoon containing "Michael Jackson" totaled more than 100,000 per hour.

That put news of Jackson's death at least on par with the Iran protests, as Twitter posts about Iran topped 100,000 per hour on June 16 and eventually climbed to 220,000 per hour.

Early reports of Mr Jackson's death and the confusion surrounding it caused a rash of changes and corrections to be made on his Wikipedia page as editors tried to keep up with events and the number of people trying to update the page.

TMZ, the popular celebrity gossip site that broke the story following a tip-off that a paramedic had visited the singers home also crashed.

There was a domino effect as users then fled to other sites. Hollywood gossip writer Perez Hilton's site was among those to flame out.

Keynote Systems reported that its monitoring showed performance problems for the web sites of AOL, CBS, CNN, MSNBC and Yahoo.

Beginning at 2.30PM Pacific "the average speed for downloading news sites doubled from less than four seconds to almost nine seconds," said Shawn White, Keynote's director of external operations.

He told Data Center Knowledge that "during the same period, the average availability of sites on the index dropped from almost 100% to 86%".

Solar plane to make public debut


Solar Impulse plane

Swiss adventurer Bertrand Piccard is set to unveil a prototype of the solar-powered plane he hopes eventually to fly around the world.

The initial version, spanning 61m but weighing just 1,500kg, will undergo trials to prove it can fly at night.

Dr Piccard, who made history in 1999 by circling the globe non-stop in a balloon, says he wants to demonstrate the potential of renewable energies.

He expects initially to make a crossing of the Atlantic in 2012.

The flight would be a risky endeavour. Only now is solar and battery technology becoming mature enough to sustain flight through the night - and then only in unmanned planes.

But Dr Piccard's Solar Impulse team has invested tremendous energy - and no little money - in trying to find what they believe is a breakthrough design.

"I love this type of vision where you set the goal and then you try to find a way to reach it, because this is challenging," he told BBC News.

Testing programme

The HB-SIA has the look of a glider but is on the scale - in terms of its width - of a modern airliner.

The aeroplane incorporates composite materials to keep it extremely light and uses super-efficient solar cells, batteries, motors and propellers to get it through the dark hours.

Solar Impulse plane

Dr Piccard will begin testing with short runway flights in which the plane lifts just a few metres into the air.

As confidence in the machine develops, the team will move to a day-night circle. This has never been done before in a piloted solar-powered plane.

HB-SIA should be succeeded by HB-SIB. It is likely to be bigger, and will incorporate a pressurised capsule and better avionics.

It is probable that Piccard will follow a route around the world in this aeroplane similar to the path he took in the record-breaking Breitling Orbiter 3 balloon - travelling at a low latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. The flight could go from the United Arab Emirates, to China, to Hawaii, across the southern US, southern Europe, and back to the UAE.

Measuring success

Although the vehicle is expected to be capable of flying non-stop around the globe, Piccard will in fact make five long hops, sharing flying duties with project partner Andre Borschberg.

"The aeroplane could do it theoretically non-stop - but not the pilot," said Dr Piccard.

"We should fly at roughly 25 knots and that would make it between 20 and 25 days to go around the world, which is too much for a pilot who has to steer the plane.

Solar Impulse plane

"In a balloon you can sleep, because it stays in the air even if you sleep. We believe the maximum for one pilot is five days."

The public unveiling on Friday of the HB-SIA is taking place at Dubendorf airfield near Zürich.

"The real success for Solar Impulse would be to have enough millions of people following the project, being enthusiastic about it, and saying 'if they managed to do it around the world with renewable energies and energy savings, then we should be able to do it in our daily life'."

R.I.P. The King Of Pop

Obituary: Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson
Troubled musical genius: Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson's unique blend of soul, funk and rock made him the biggest pop act in the world.

Beyond this, his business acumen and intuitive understanding of the music market allowed him to showcase his remarkable talents.

Michael Jackson sold records by the million - and broke records too.

With the soulful vocal presence of Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder and the dance moves of James Brown, Jackson's appeal crossed both national and racial boundaries.

His first break came in 1968, when the Jackson Five signed to the Motown label, and he was just 11 when the group released its first single.

WORLDWIDE ALBUM SALES
Off The Wall: 19m
Thriller: 59m
Bad: 28m
Dangerous: 29m
HIStory: 18m
Invincible: 8m

Hits like I Want You Back, ABC, The Love You Save, and I'll Be There, which all went to number one in the United States in 1970, made the Jackson 5 the first group in pop history to have their first four singles top the charts.

Before long, the youngest member of the Jackson Five was beginning to outstrip his brothers.

A series of solo hits, including Got To Be There, Rockin' Robin and Ben - the maudlin, yet chart-topping, paean to a rat - had shown that the promise of early years had come to fruition.

By the mid-1970s, both Michael's, and his brothers', careers were beginning to stall. Motown has ended its interest in the group, which had re-signed - as the Jacksons - to the Epic label.

But it was while Michael was working on the film musical The Wiz, an all-black retelling of the Wizard of Oz - in which he played the Scarecrow to Diana Ross's Dorothy - that he met the man who would turn him into a superstar and transform the world of popular music.

Music producer, composer and arranger, Quincy Jones, who could already boast a formidable track record, having created hits for artists like Frank Sinatra, Aretha Franklin and George Benson, took Jackson's raw talent and moulded it into an awesome new sound.

Video extravaganza

Their first collaboration, Off The Wall, released in 1979, became the first album to provide four top ten US hits for an artist: the title track, Don't Stop Till You Get Enough, Rock With You and She's Out of My Life.

Michael Jackson in 1972
Jackson the child wonder in 1972 on Top of the Pops

Four years later came Thriller, the album which would define his career. A heady mix of disco, R&B and funk, its nine tracks spawned seven hit singles and became the best-selling album of all time, with at least 55 million copies bought to date.

Having already experimented with video on Off The Wall, Jackson now took the new medium to new heights.

The John Landis-directed film, accompanying the album's title track, was a 16-minute big-budget extravaganza, featuring cutting-edge special effects and the voice of veteran horror actor, Vincent Price.

The Thriller video, and its companion, Beat It, also ended MTV's neglect of black artists, while making the mini-musical blockbuster de rigueur for any self-respecting pop star.

Besides his successful solo career, Jackson also recorded a series of hit duets with Paul McCartney, who had written the Off The Wall track, Girlfriend.

The two stars appeared on one another's albums with songs like The Girl Is Mine and the chart-topping Say Say Say.

Stripped-down sound

The relationship soured, though, in 1985, when Jackson outbid both McCartney and Yoko Ono to secure the ATV music-publishing catalogue, which included the rights to more than 250 Lennon/McCartney songs.

Not for the first time, Jackson's ruthless business streak had asserted itself.

The same year also saw the USA For Africa charity single, We Are The World, co-written by Jackson and Lionel Ritchie, reach number one in the US.

The Jackson phenomenon showed no sign of slowing down when, in 1987, he released the third, and final, Quincy Jones-produced album, Bad.

Michael Jackson in 1988
Thriller was the biggest-selling album of all time

With five number one hits, including Man in the Mirror and Dirty Diana, the album also featured a 17-minute video, courtesy of Martin Scorsese, to promote the title track and a year-long world tour, at the time the largest-grossing in history.

Dangerous, Jackson's 1991 outing, featured a more stripped-down sound than its three predecessors.

But the magic remained, and tracks like Heal the World and Black and White soon became worldwide hits, despite the tabloid headlines and court cases which now threatened to damage the singer's reputation.

But his 1995 album, a compilation of old hits and new material entitled HIStory, failed to ignite the popular imagination.

Controversy

Despite the biggest-ever publicity campaign for an album, estimated at $30m, HIStory enjoyed a brief appearance in the charts.

Whether this was due to the star's increasingly erratic behaviour, continuing speculation about his private life or just the public turning increasingly to rap and hip-hop, is a matter for debate.

But one track, in particular - They Don't Care About Us, with the lyrics, "Jew me, sue me" - outraged many people including Jackson's long-time friend and supporter Steven Spielberg, who saw it as anti-Semitic.

And his appearance at the 1996 Brit Awards ceremony in London, surrounded by children and a rabbi, proved too much for some, most notably Pulp's Jarvis Cocker, who showed his displeasure by storming the stage and dropping his trousers.

Michael Jackson
Jackson's live shows were big-budget spectaculars

Michael Jackson's final album, Invincible (2001) was released at a time when he looked anything but.

A swirl of controversy, including Jackson's repeated assertions that his record company, Sony, had asked for their money back - all $200m of it - and that the label's chairman, Tommy Mottola, held black artists back, effectively drowned out the music.

It seemed an underwhelming end to what had been one of the most spectacular of all musical careers.

But the star was due to begin a series of sold-out comeback concerts, starting with an appearance in London next month.

Hundreds of fans queued at the O2 arena as tickets went on sale to the public and more than a quarter of a million people queued online.

In the end, around 750,000 tickets were sold for the 50-date residency - which Jackson had billed his "final curtain call".

Rehearsals for the show were underway when the star suffered a cardiac arrest at his home in Bel Air. He was later pronounced dead at the UCLA medical centre in Los Angeles.

25.6.09

'Oldest musical instrument' found


Bone flute from Hohle Fels (H Jensen)

Scientists in Germany have published details of flutes dating back to the time that modern humans began colonising Europe, 35,000 years ago.

The flutes are the oldest musical instruments found to date.

The researchers say in the Journal Nature that music was widespread in pre-historic times.

Music, they suggest, may have been one of a suite of behaviours displayed by our own species which helped give them an edge over the Neanderthals.

The team from Tubingen University have published details of three flutes found in the Hohle Fels cavern in southwest Germany.

The cavern is already well known as a site for signs of early human efforts; in May, members of the same team unveiled a Hohle Fels find that could be the world's oldest Venus figure.

The most well-preserved of the flutes is made from a vulture's wing bone, measuring 20cm long with five finger holes and two "V"-shaped notches on one end of the instrument into which the researchers assume the player blew.

The archaeologists also found fragments of two other flutes carved from ivory that they believe was taken from the tusks of mammoths.

Creative origins

The find brings the total number of flutes discovered from this era to eight, four made from mammoth ivory and four made from bird bones.

According to Professor Nicholas Conard of Tubingen University, this suggests that the playing of music was common as far back as 40,000 years ago when modern humans spread across Europe.

"It's becoming increasingly clear that music was part of day-to-day life," he said.

"Music was used in many kinds of social contexts: possibly religious, possibly recreational - much like we use music today in many kinds of settings."

The researchers also suggest that not only was music widespread much earlier than previously thought, but so was humanity's creative spirit.

"The modern humans that came into our area already had a whole range of symbolic artifacts, figurative art, depictions of mythological creatures, many kinds of personal ornaments and also a well-developed musical tradition," Professor Conard explained.


These flutes provide yet more evidence of the sophistication of the people that lived at that time
Professor Chris Stringer
Natural History Museum

The team argues that the emergence of art and culture so early might explain why early modern humans survived and Neanderthals, with whom they co-existed at the time, became extinct.

"Music could have contributed to the maintenance of larger social networks, and thereby perhaps have helped facilitate the demographic and territorial expansion of modern humans relative to a culturally more conservative and demographically more isolated Neanderthal populations," they wrote.

That is a view supported by Professor Chris Stringer, a human origins researcher at the Natural History Museum in London.

"These flutes provide yet more evidence of the sophistication of the people that lived at that time and the probable behavioural and cognitive gulf between them and Neanderthals," he said.

"I think the occurrence of these flutes and animal and human figurines about 40,000 years ago implies that the traditions that produced them must go back even further in the evolutionary history of modern humans - perhaps even into Africa more than 50,000 years ago.

"But that evidence has still to be discovered."

24.6.09

The ten weirdest things lost in the post

NRLC_trafficlight

Every week about 600,000 pieces of mail are unable to be delivered because they are so badly addressed or packaged, while 25,000 letters posted have only the recipient's name printed on them.

Anything that cannot find its way to the recipient goes to the Royal Mail's National Return Centre in Belfast, where 'address detectives' investigate the origins of the mail and try to track down who the package is for. Unclaimed items of any value are eventually auctioned off.

This is the only place in the country where it is legal to open someone else's mail. And some pretty strange things end up there..

1. Milk

A woman posts two two litre bottles of milk to her grandson each week, but unfortunately the address is incomplete so they are never delivered - arriving in Belfast without fail, and always slightly curdled. Despite numerous attempts to track down the granny's identity she remains elusive.

2. Dead animals

Apparently the centre receives an alarming number of dead animals arriving unaddressed, some of which are stuffed and, after a bit of sleuthing, have been successfully reunited with their taxidermist.

3. Film props

On one particular occasion a box with no address arrived containing props from the film Saving Private Ryan, including a bloodied prosthetic hand.

4. Car parts

Someone sent a car door in the post - it arrived at the centre with no address and no evidence as to its origin.

5. False teeth

The Royal Mail get stuck with plenty of false teeth, which are generally sent back to a dentist if the origin can be traced.

6. 1966 World Cup bottle of champagne

Signed by the whole team, this bottle of bubbly had been a prize in a competition but the winner was never informed so had no idea to keep an eye out for its arrival. After a very long time the surprised owner was traced and received their prize. Better late than never.

7. Kiss statue

A cardboard cut-out of heavy metal group Kiss wound up at the centre and is still propped up in Belfast, owner unknown.

8. Traffic lights

It is anybody's guess who would go to the effort of posting some enormous traffic lights, and then forget to address the package. The post office ran a campaign to trace the owner but no one came forward.

9. False legs

Like false teeth, prosthetic limbs often get lost in the post. Most are never reunited with their owners but some are sent back to the correct health authority.

10. Digeridoo

Luckily, once the package was opened address details were found inside the instrument and it was forwarded on to its rightful owner.

22.6.09

Support for bid to clear pirate


Drawing of Scottish-born American privateer and pirate William 'Captain' Kidd standing on the deck of a ship, brandishing a sword, circa 1690
Captain Kidd was rumoured to have hidden his loot

The Scottish Parliament has been asked to support a campaign to clear the name of a captain who was hanged for piracy more than three centuries ago.

Captain William Kidd had been appointed by the Crown to tackle piracy and capture enemy French ships.

In 1698, he looted the Armenian ship the Quedagh Merchant, which was apparently sailing under a French pass.

However, the captain of the ship was an Englishman and Capt Kidd was executed in London in 1701.

The Quedagh Merchant had been carrying satins, muslins, gold and silver when she was attacked by Kidd.

It is thought that a large amount of the booty belonged to the British East India Company.

As well as the piracy charges, Capt Kidd was accused of murdering one of his crewmen during a row in 1697.

During his execution, the first rope put around this neck broke, so he was strung up a second time. That rope also snapped but the third one held.

People are going to be worried about the fact that someone can be used and abused in that way by the state
Bill Kidd MSP

Capt Kidd's body was dipped in tar and hung by chains along the River Thames to serve as a warning to would-be pirates.

Legend had it that Kidd hid much of his loot, which has prompted numerous treasure hunts around the world and inspired Robert Louis Stevenson when writing Treasure Island.

American researchers have been investigating the history of Capt Kidd, who it is thought was born in Greenock or the Dundee area in about 1645.

Dan Hamilton and Chris Macort claim that Kidd was set up by King William III, who wanted to appear tough on piracy but who also stood to profit from the goods which Kidd seized.

A parliamentary motion has been lodged by SNP MSP Bill Kidd, who is not related to the pirate, urging that the parliament welcomes a fresh bid to clear his name following the new research.

Mr Kidd said: "There's no time scale over which justice isn't important.

"I think these types of incidents, whenever they happen, have a lesson and a morality for all time because otherwise we allow people to get away with breaking the law and breaking rules and we allow governments to get away with punishing people wrongly.

"I don't expect that there's going to be a mass campaign in the streets for something that happened 300 years ago but I do expect that people are going to be worried about the fact that someone can be used and abused in that way by the state, whatever time in history.

"If someone is accused and hung for something that he didn't actually do, when he was operating for the government and he was doing the job properly, that comes down to a criminal act on the part of the government not on him."

Rules changed for University show


University Challenge final
Corpus Christi had beaten Manchester University by 275 points to 190

Rules for the BBC quiz show University Challenge have been changed after a team was disqualified for using a contestant who was no longer a student.

Production company Granada said it had "scrutinised the rules" and "expanded on the principles that underpinned previous series' of the programme".

University registrars will be required to confirm the eligibility of each contestant prior to each recording.

A replacement will be called in if the team member is no longer studying.

In March, Corpus Christi College, Oxford were disqualified after it was revealed that team member Sam Kay had graduated before the final was filmed.

The other finalists from the University of Manchester were then proclaimed the winners.

'Clarity and confidence'

"We have particularly scrutinised the rules of eligibility in order for the students and universities to have complete clarity and confidence and to avoid any doubt," Granada said.

It added that due to "production requirements and timescales already in place" the next series will be filmed over two academic years but in future filming will take place over one academic year.

Gail Trimble and the winning team from Corpus Christi College
The winning team from Corpus Christi College were disqualified

"Each contestant of entered teams will now be individually responsible for the accuracy of their submission and successful applicants will be required to enter into a Contestant Agreement again incorporating eligibility requirements and quiz rules.

The new guidelines go on to say that "prior to each recording participants will be asked to re-affirm their eligibility to take part and this will be verified by the registrar of their respective universities.

"If they are found to be ineligible to compete, the reserve member will be asked to take their place.

Granada said that with the new procedures in place "we can look forward to a great new series."

Top 40 faces new digital shake-up


Music Week chart
Some 98% of all single sales are now digital downloads

The Top 40 is facing a shake-up as chart bosses consider incorporating songs from music streaming sites.

Offering free, legal access to millions of tunes, online jukebox services like We7 and Spotify have taken off in 2009.

Users can listen to tracks without paying to own them, as they have had to with vinyl, tapes, CDs and downloads.

The Official UK Charts Company said it was "bound to" include streaming and subscription services at some point, but not for at least another year.

Because listeners do not pay per track - if at all - those plays would be likely to carry less weight than normal sales.

That would be a big departure from the way the the official singles chart has been compiled since it was launched in 1952.

WE7 ALL-TIME STREAMING CHART
Lady GaGa
1. Lady GaGa (above) - Poker Face
2. Tinchy Styder - Number 1
3. Flo Rida - Right Round
4. Taylor Swift - Love Story
5. Lady GaGa - Just Dance
UK only. Up to 6 June

It has always been based purely on sales, with each individual purchase - whatever the format - treated equally.

But the streaming and subscription services may soon become too popular to ignore.

Spotify offers streamed songs for free with adverts, or without ads for a £9.99 monthly fee. It registered one million UK users in April - just two months after its public launch.

We7, which goes down the free, ad-funded route, is expected to pass the million mark in the coming days.

Services like Napster, HMV and Nokia give customers access to unlimited tracks for a monthly fee and Virgin Media has just announced a similar offering, with BSkyB expected to follow suit.

Official Charts Company managing director Martin Talbot told BBC News the charts had traditionally counted individual singles bought for permanent ownership.

"The key task that we've been getting to grips with over the past 18 months has been ensuring that post-download, and post-permanent ownership of music, we're also counting how consumers are consuming their music in other ways," he said.

"The charts have always been there as a popularity poll, as a means of identifying what are the hottest records of the moment.

UK SINGLES REVIVAL
2003 - 30,888,000 singles sold
2004 - 32,266,000
2005 - 47,882,000
2006 - 66,925,000
2007 - 86,562,000
2008 - 115,139,000
Source: Official Charts Company

"That's been relatively simple when people have bought stuff to keep forever. But that's going to become increasingly more complicated."

The charts have already come a long way since 2005, when the first downloads counted towards the Top 40. Now, 98% of all single sales are digital.

Mr Talbot said streams and subscription downloads would be integrated into the main chart when they become "a very big part of the way people consume music going forward" and fans were buying fewer tracks as a result.

"I'm sure it will come upon us quicker than we might anticipate but none of us really know when it will happen," he said. "I think ultimately it's bound to happen. But that could be five years, it could be 10 years, it could be 20 years."

There was currently no sign of a slow-down in single sales, Mr Talbot said. Some 115 million singles were sold last year - compared with a low point of 30 million in 2003. This year's total is expected to be 160 million.

Streams vs downloads

One big question if streams did count towards the charts would be how much weight they would carry.

"Knowing what a stream is worth compared to a purchase of a download, for instance, is very difficult to identify at the moment, but that's obviously going to be the next step," Mr Talbot said.

The advent of services like We7, Spotify and Imeem, on top of established sites like YouTube, MySpace and Last.fm, have led some analysts to predict that people may become less interested in owning music.

Instead, they may be happy to stream songs from huge catalogues, especially as technology makes it possible to use these services on the go.

Caffari's team sail into history


Dee Caffari (left) and Sam Davies
Dee Caffari and Sam Davies both competed in the Vendee Globe

Hampshire yachtswoman Dee Caffari and her four-strong all-female crew have beaten the 2,500 nautical mile round Britain and Ireland mono-hull record.

Ms Caffari, of Titchfield, skippered the Aviva team which included her Vendee Globe rival Sam Davies.

They arrived back in Portsmouth at 0840 BST beating the current record of seven days and four hours set by JP Chomette in May 2004.

The crew beat the record by 17 hours and 16 seconds.

The 36-year-old skipper who had set off on 17 June said: "It was just fantastic."

Ms Caffari sailed into history in February when she became the first woman to sail solo non-stop around the world in both directions during the Vendee Globe.

She crossed the line in sixth place after sailing more than 27,000 miles in 99 days, one hour and 10 minutes.

The other members of the Aviva crew are fellow British sailors Miranda Merron, boat captain Alex Sizer and German sailor Isabelle Joschke.

20.6.09

The plant that pretends to be ill

A moth mined leaf and a variegated leaf of Caladium steudneriifolium
A leaf damaged by mining moths (left) compared to one faking it (right).

A plant that pretends to be ill has been found growing in the rainforests of Ecuador.

The plants feigns sickness to stop it being attacked by insect pests known as mining moths, which would otherwise eat its healthy leaves.

It is the first known example of a plant that mimics being ill, and could also explain a common pattern seen on plant leaves known as variegation.

The discovery is published in the journal Evolutionary Ecology.

more....

10 things we didn't know last week

Snippets from the week's news, sliced, diced and processed for your convenience.

1. There are 2,500 year old bird nests still in continuous use.
More details

2. The Fred Perry sportswear logo was almost a pipe - Perry was a keen smoker - but his business partner thought this would put off women customers.
More details

3. As a cold-blooded insect, flies are slower in the early morning and evening when the air is cooler, and speed up in the heat of the day.
More details

4. C, the single-letter codename for the head of MI6, dates from when the first boss, Captain Sir Mansfield Cumming, signed himself "C" for Cumming.
More details

5. Streetlights cause problems for bats.
More details

6. The pilot and co-pilot on a passenger plane are not allowed to have the same meal in case they both get food poisoning.
More details

7. The Queen has an allotment.
More details

8. Scotland has the lowest age for criminal responsibility in Europe.
More details

9. Hitachi makes trains.
More details

10. Pak Do-ik, the North Korean footballer, is still known as "the dentist" among Italian football fans for causing them pain by scoring the goal that saw them beaten 1-0 in the 1966 World Cup.
More details

19.6.09

Just click for a century of news

Illustration in the Graphic newspaper of the 1878 City of Glasgow bank collapse
The City of Glasgow bank collapse in 1878 left most shareholders bankrupt

The British Library has put two million digitised pages from 19th century newspapers online, taking research out of its dusty reading rooms into people's homes.

The pay-as-you-go service brings a century of history alive from Jack the Ripper to WG Grace.

Today's news, tomorrow's fish wrapper (or website statistic on the number of clicks) - news has always been ephemeral. Read it, delete it and move on.

It is as true today as it was in the 19th century when newspaper writers churned out political speeches - often verbatim, war reports and local parish news.

Prince William

But in compiling their wordy, often quirky stories, the journalists of yesteryear were unknowingly writing for posterity, providing a unique backdrop to their times.

It is this insight into people's day-to-day interests and lives that makes the British Library's new database so fascinating.

Bob Clarke
People had big panics about highwaymen in the same way as the Daily Mail has great panics about immigration
Bob Clarke

"People are going to get an insight into the psychology of the time... they'll find out how people lived and what they were worried about," newspaper historian Bob Clarke told the BBC.

"Newspapers, particularly locals, are a wonderful resource. The beauty of them is that no other form of literature can tell you what people's hopes and fears were, what they bought and what turned them on.

"People had big panics about highwaymen in the same way as the Daily Mail has great panics about immigration."

Mr Clarke has written a book called From Grub Street to Fleet Street: An Illustrated History of English Newspapers to 1899.

So what was in the news on this day exactly 200 years ago? The Examiner from Sunday, 18 June 1809, carries the story of a boatman who had shown "signs of mental derangement".

1900 soap advert in the Graphic newspaper
Ladies like "dainty" Swan Soap because it floats, a 1900 advert says

"Francis Webster... was discovered by Mr Brown, his surveyor, reclining with his head over a chopper in a butcher's shop," it says.

"Supposing him to be ill, he went up to him when he found he had a knife, which he then held in his hand, and cut his throat in so shocking a manner that he died this following day."

The same paper has a detailed account of the latest developments in the Napoleonic Wars between France, Britain and other European nations.

A few more clicks and I stumble across a familiar-sounding story about the love life of a Prince William.

Prince William of Orange, a Dutch anglophile who served with the Duke of Wellington, had joined Oxford University, we are told.

"It has long been rumoured in political circles, that this young prince is destined to receive the hand of an illustrious princess," the Examiner says.

Rogue compositor

Look deeper in the database and there are stories of nine year olds smoking and drinking and, in 1878, a banking collapse.

The website allows anyone to search over two million pages from 49 national and regional newspapers like the Daily News, Manchester Times or Penny Illustrated Paper.

Curator for Newspapers Ed King on why the archive was digitised

Ed King, head of newspaper collections at the British Library, said the site is a "huge resource" for people researching family histories.

"There are births, marriages and deaths... but it goes further than that with huge amounts of local events, advertisements and reports from meetings which include people's names," he said.

Social insights aside, you can read about the Whitechapel (Jack the Ripper) murders, the first FA Cup final in 1872 or the first England-Australia Test match in 1877.

Dave Gregory captained the home side in Melbourne to a 45-run victory over James Lillywhite's visiting team.

"The Australian cricketers have shown much excellent form against the English Eleven," reported The Graphic.

HOW THE WEBSITE WORKS
Searches are free
Full-text articles cost £6.99 for a 24-hour pass allowing up to 100 downloads
A seven-day pass costs £9.99 for up to 200 downloads
Access to the Graphic and the Penny Illustrated Paper is free

On 10 July in the same year, the Daily News reports on the first every Wimbledon tennis championships.

"Ladies are known to prefer a high to a low net," it says.

You can read stories written by Charles Dickens, a reporter on the Morning Chronicle, or discover how the City of Glasgow bank collapsed in 1878, leaving most shareholders bankrupt.

Mr Clarke, 52, says the "turgid" morning titles were for the educated while the Sunday papers featured more "sport, sex and sensationalism" for the ordinary family.

"What they did do was report everything in detail, so you got huge swathes of parliamentary debate, which is boring to us now, but something we miss nowadays - the breadth of it," he said.

The Graphic newspaper
The Graphic was the most successful rival to the Illustrated London News

The new website would have helped him research his own book, he said, which was compiled entirely from his own collection of 1,000 old papers.

Among them is a first edition of The Times from 23 March 1882 - the jewel in the crown.

On page seven, halfway through a reported speech by the then Home Secretary Sir William Harcourt, are the words "the speaker then said he felt inclined for a bit of sex" - although the word for sex was far more graphic.

Nobody spotted it until several of the first editions had been dispatched, and within hours they were changing hands for 50-times their face value, at 12 shillings and six pence.

The highly mischievous compositor, perhaps bored by poring over the 10,000 word speech, was never revealed.

Mr Clarke says 15 years ago they fetched £100 at auction.

UK man is world's oldest at 113

Henry Allingham with his great-great grandson Erik Carlson aged 3
Henry Allingham has one great-great-great grandchild

World War I veteran Henry Allingham is the world's oldest man following the death of a 113-year-old in Japan, Guinness World Records has confirmed.

Mr Allingham, one of only two surviving WWI veterans in the UK and the last surviving founder member of the RAF, was born on 6 June 1896.

He was born in Clapton, London, and now lives at St Dunstan's Centre for blind ex-service personnel near Brighton.

Tomoji Tanabe died in his sleep at his home in southern Japan, aged 113.

Mr Tanabe was named as the world's oldest man in June 2007 and credited his longevity to drinking a daily glass of milk.

'Take in stride'

Mr Allingham's friend and chaperone, Dennis Goodwin, said: "It's staggering. [Henry] is philosophical. He will take it in his stride, like he does everything else."

Henry Allingham joined the Royal Navy Air Service in September 1915 before transferring to the RAF in April 1918.

The Royal Navy hosted a birthday party on the HMS President in London for his family, close friends and members of the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force.

World events since 1896
1901 - Queen Victoria dies
1905 - Russian revolution begins
1914 - WWI begins
1929 - Great depression begins in the US
1945 - First atomic bomb detonated
1896 - Everest climbed for the first time
1963 - President Kennedy assassinated
1969 - Neil Armstrong walks on the moon

Mr Allingham has five grandchildren, 12 great-grandchildren, 14 great-great grandchildren and one great-great-great grandchild.

In the past year, Mr Allingham has been given a doctorate in engineering from Southampton Solent University, been made an honorary freeman of Brighton and Hove and become the "oldest scout".

In March, he was made an honorary member of the Royal Naval Association and also received an upgraded Legion d'Honneur in London, six years after receiving his first one.

Mr Allingham is the sole survivor of the Battle of Jutland and has also published his life story.

He became Britain's oldest-ever man in March when he reached 112 years and 296 days, surpassing Welshman John Evans who died in 1990.

12.6.09

10 things we didn't know last week

Snippets from the week's news, sliced, diced and processed for your convenience.

1. Gay people in China used to be prosecuted under "hooliganism" laws.
More details

2. Canada used to border Zimbabwe.
More details

3. Carly Simon had a stutter.
More details

4. Sir Alan Sugar donates his salary from The Apprentice to Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children.
More details (Mail)

5. Setanta started in an Irish dance hall in west London in 1990.
More details

6. A new word in the English language is created every 98 minutes.
More details

7. You're seven times more likely to be a millionaire if you're called Patel than if you're called Smith.
More details

8. More than half of all Patels in the UK are married to people born Patel.
More details

9. Only eight Britons who fought in the Spanish Civil War are known to be still alive.
More details

10. Britney's father monitors her mobile phone use.
More details (Times)

Download Junkie

Highlights This Week Include:

Mozilla Firefox Add-on Collector 1.0.2
Freeware
Manage, share and publish your Firefox add-on collection
12 June 2009

MOBackup 4.3
Shareware
Backup & restore your Outlook data and preferences
12 June 2009
AbiWord 2.7.4
Freeware
Competent free word processor
12 June 2009
Eraser 5.8.7
Freeware
Permanently erase important files
12 June 2009
Mozilla Firefox 3.0.11
Freeware
Minor release of the popular web browser
11 June 2009
AuctionSleuth 3.0.0
Trial Software
Outbid others at the last minute
11 June 2009
DriverMax 5.0
Freeware
Manage your Windows system drivers
11 June 2009
Lotus Symphony 1.3
Freeware
Complete free office suite from IBM
11 June 2009
Safari for Windows 4
Freeware
Final release version of the Apple web browser
9 June 2009
Comodo System Cleaner 1.1.649 [32-bit]
Freeware
Cleanse & optimise your PC
8 June 2009

Recommended Downloads
  1. Paragon Partition Manager 10 Express
  2. Ashampoo WinOptimizer 5
  3. Ashampoo Burning Studio 2009
  4. TuneUp Utilities 2007
  5. Paragon Hard Disk Manager 8.5 SE
  6. iolo Search and Recover 5
  7. Spyware Doctor 6 Starter Edition
  8. PC Tools Desktop Maestro 2
  9. Acronis True Image 2009
  10. Avanquest Connection Manager
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7.6.09

Quiztime

6.6.09

Web pirates placed in 'slow lane'


CD being placed in computer, Eyewire
"Technical measures" will be used to tackle persistent pirates

The government has all but ruled out using a "three strikes" law to tackle persistent net pirates.

Using warnings and disconnection to tackle pirates was thought to be in the final Digital Britain report due to be published on 16 June.

Cutting people off was not the government's "preferred option", said culture secretary Andy Burnham in a music industry conference keynote.

Instead, he said, the report will back "technical solutions" as a deterrent.

Mr Burnham made his comments during a keynote speech at Music Week's Making Online Music Pay conference.

The interim Digital Britain report was released on 29 January, 2009. The wide-ranging review looked at everything from broadband speeds to internet regulation and public service broadcasting.

The final review was widely expected to back a so-called three strikes law that music companies have called for. This would see a person's net connection terminated if they ignored official warnings about pirating digital content.

A spokesman for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, said this was not the government's preferred option now that net access was as valuable as other utilities such as water and electricity.

Although unwilling to give exact details, the spokesman said: "The Digital Britain report coming out soon will build on last year's Memorandum of Understanding between content holders and ISPs to tackle illegal file sharing."

"It is likely to include an obligation on ISPs to send out letters to people who are infringing copyright," he said.

"What Mr Burnham also said was there was the likelihood that the MoU would be backed up by new powers for Ofcom to impose 'technical solutions' for repeat offenders if that process of sending out letters was not effective enough," added the spokesman.

It is not yet clear what those "technical solutions" would be though Mr Burnham said they would involve ways to "limit or restrict" file-sharing activity.

Mar Mulligan, vice president at Forrester Research, took this to mean that pirates would gradually have their connection speed dialled down.

"It instinctively sounds like a decent compromise," said Mr Mulligan.

"We know that ISPs currently use a mix of technical solutions to manage traffic at peak times," he said. "The ISPs already have the technical infrastructure to implement this kind of stuff."

"The sign of a good compromise is one that going to annoy both sides," he said. "I think ISPs will have an issue with it and so will the music labels."

10 things we didn't know this time last week

1. Armstrong DID fluff his lines.
More details

2. The Apprentice losers' café featured in Z-Cars.
More details

3. One in three organ transplant patients believe they have taken on some aspects of the donor's personality.
More details

4. Some apes make noises similar to human laughter when being tickled.
More details

5. Australia is not in recession.
More details

6. In the 1970 US Census, the number of people who said they were aged over 100 was about 22 times the true number.
More details

7. Gay couples in the animal kingdom can rear young.
More details

8. You can see penguins droppings from space.
More details

9. David Attenborough's first pet was a salamander.
More details (the Sun)

10. Urban great tits sing louder than their country cousins.
More details

Bats 'recognise other’s voices'

Greater mouse-eared bat (D.Nill, Y.Yovel)
Always listening: the research could explain how bats hunt in groups

As if flying around in the dark swooping and diving to catch insects was not tricky enough, bats also listen for their fellow hunters.

A study has revealed how these winged mammals recognise other bats' voices.

They are able to differentiate the ultrasonic "echolocation" calls that other bats make as they navigate.

In the journal PLoS Computational Biology, the scientists report that the bats have an internal "reference" call to which they compare others.

Yossi Yovel from the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, and his colleagues in Germany recorded the echolocation calls of five greater mouse-eared bats

The bats use these brief bursts of sound in sonar navigation - bouncing sound waves off their surroundings to find their way and locate prey.

Dr Yovel's team tested the bats' ability to identify the others by playing the recorded sounds to them.

"Each bat was assigned two others it had to distinguish between," Dr Yovel explained. "So we trained bat A on a platform, playing a sound from bat B on one side and from bat C on the other. He had crawl to where the 'correct' sound was coming from."

Each of the subjects was taught that a call from just one of the other bats was correct.

Mouse-eared bat on platform
The bat chooses which sound to follow and which platform to crawl along

So during this training exercise, if the bat A made the right choice, and crawled towards the sound from bat B, it was rewarded with its favourite food - a mealworm.

"Then, in the next stage - the test - we rewarded them no matter what choice they made, and they still chose correctly more than 80% of the time," said Dr Yovel.

"So we knew the bats were able to distinguish individuals. But it wasn't clear what they're using to discriminate one from the other.

"If you think of this in comparison with humans, it's like being able to recognise a person just by listening to the same one-syllable yell in different voices.

"The bats learned the voice by listening to hundreds of very short 'yells', but they then were able to recognise an individual based on one single yell."

Modelling sound

In the second part of the study, Dr Yovel's team designed a computer model to mimic the way in which the bats compared the different sounds.

"The model takes all the calls the bat thought were A, and all the calls it thought were B, and tries to understand what differences it is using to match them up," said Dr Yovel.

"Our analysis showed that each bat has a typical distribution in the frequencies it emits, probably a result of the differences in each animal's vocal chords."

He thinks the bats may have an internal "prototype" - a sort of reference sound against which they can compare these subtle differences.

This could explain how bats remain in a group when flying at high speeds in darkness, and how they avoid interference between each others' echolocation calls.

5.6.09

Quiztime Picture Board 040609





Attachment: Picture Board 040609.pdf

Download Junkie

Highlights This Week Include:

PeaZip 2.6.1
Freeware
Powerful, free, multi-format archive manager
5 June 2009

ExpanDrive for Windows 1.8.3
Trial Software
Access FTP sites directly from Windows Explorer
4 June 2009
Trend Micro HouseCall 7.0
Freeware
Use an online scanner to check for infected files
4 June 2009
Apple MobileMe for Windows 1.4
Freeware
Synchronise contacts & calendars with Apple's MobileMe
02 June 2009
Mailplane 2.0.10
Shareware
Access & use Google Mail from within a standalone email client
3 June 2009
Opera 10 Preview
Freeware
Take a look at the future of this web browser
3 June 2009
Apple iTunes 8.2
Freeware
Minor upgrade to the media player
2 June 2009
IE View 1.4.3
Freeware
Open web links within Firefox using Internet Explorer
1 June 2009
WindowTabs v239
Shareware
Add a tabbed management system to your applications
1 June 2009
VirtualBox 2.2.4
Freeware
Host a virtual operating system
1 June 2009

Recommended Downloads
  1. Paragon Partition Manager 10 Express
  2. Ashampoo WinOptimizer 5
  3. Ashampoo Burning Studio 2009
  4. TuneUp Utilities 2007
  5. Paragon Hard Disk Manager 8.5 SE
  6. iolo Search and Recover 5
  7. Spyware Doctor 6 Starter Edition
  8. PC Tools Desktop Maestro 2
  9. Acronis True Image 2009
  10. Avanquest Connection Manager
See more recommended downloads..

4.6.09

Groundbreakers and survivors

Our regular column covering the passing of significant - but lesser-reported - people of the past month.

Anne Scott-James
Anne Scott-James rose through the ranks in a male-dominated world

Journalism was largely a male dominated world in the 1930s but Anne Scott-James broke through the glass ceiling to become a noted editor and columnist. She started as an assistant at Vogue in 1933 but, within five years, had become beauty editor. She was woman's editor at Picture Post before becoming editor of Harper's Bazaar where she recruited writers of the calibre of Elizabeth David & John Betjeman. In 1954 she was given her own full page column in the Daily Express, (a broadsheet at the time) and moved on to the Daily Mail in the 1960s. She became a regular panellist on the BBC Radio series, My Word, and wrote a number of gardening books in association with her third husband, the pocket cartoonist Sir Osbert Lancaster.

When the RMS Titanic struck an iceberg on 14 Apr 1912, 9 week old Millvina Dean was asleep in her parents' cabin in steerage. Her father, who with his family was emigrating to the US, told his wife Georgette, to take Millvina and her one year old brother up on deck. Amid the chaos they managed to get onto a lifeboat and were safely lowered from the stricken ship. Millvina's father remained aboard and was never seen again. After four hours floating on the icy waters the family was picked up by the liner Carpathia and taken to New York. Her mother decided to return to the UK where Millvina eventually worked as a secretary. In 2007 she became the last survivor of the Titanic disaster. "I put our survival down to the bravery of my father who was alert to the dangers and made sure we got off."

Peter Sellers as Fred Kite
Fred Kite was perhaps Hackney's most famous creation

Alan Hackney

was responsible for more than thirty novels and screenplays but his finest creation was undoubtedly the communist shop steward, Fred Kite, who was given life by Peter Sellers in the film, I'm All Right Jack. Kite, whose mangled English seemed to epitomise a whole generation of trades union speak, dreams of reversing the tide of post war consumerism and building a socialist utopia. The film launched Sellers as a comedy actor and cemented Hackney's reputation as a screenwriter. His first big success had been Private's Progress which like I'm All Right Jack, was filmed by the Boulting brothers and starred a positive roll call of the great British character actors of the time including Richard Attenborough, Margaret Rutherford and John Le Mesurier.

Ken Gill
Ken Gill was known for his staunch communism

The real trade union leader Ken Gill might have shared Fred Kite's adherence to Moscow based communism but his 18 years leading the technical union Tass, and its successor MSF, saw him become one of the most influential figures in industrial relations. A draughtsman by training he became a full time union official at a time when the trades' union movement wielded huge political might. He bitterly opposed any form of wage restraint and led opposition to Barbara Castle's bill, In Place of Strife, which the Labour Government hoped would end a period of constant industrial disputes. Along with other hard liners he was expelled from the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1985 after it decide to renounce Moscow and embrace Euro-Communism.

The controversial statement "all men are rapists" was coined by the feminist writer Marilyn French, in her best selling novel, The Women's Room. The book, which sold more than 20 million copies world wide, was published in 1977, at a time when the feminist movement, particularly in America, was questioning society's attitudes towards women. The tale of a loveless marriage it partly reflected French's own marital experience in a relationship she later described as "a trap". The novel was hailed by feminists such as Gloria Steinem who said "It expressed the experience of a huge number of women and let them know that they were not alone and not crazy."

Wayne Allwine and Russi Taylor with Mickey Mouse
Wayne Allwine was married to the voice of Minnie Mouse

Since his first talking appearance in Steamboat Willie, in 1928, Mickey Mouse has been voiced by just three men of whom Wayne Allwine was the most recent. He joined Disney studios as a post room worker in 1966 before moving on to the sound effects department. He began working with Jimmy MacDonald, who had been the voice of the ubiquitous rodent since 1947, eventually taking over from him in 1977. His voice appeared in the 1983 film, Mickey's Christmas Carol and he went on to appear in Who Framed Roger Rabbit and The Prince and the Pauper. He also worked on the sound effects of Alien Nation and Star Trek V; The Final Frontier. In 1991 he married Russi Taylor, the voice of Minnie Mouse.

Hollywood also lost Mort Abrahams who was associate producer on the first two Planet of the Apes films as well as producing episodes from the TV series The Man From UNCLE. Born in New York, he began his career on American TV in the 1950s where he was responsible, among other programmes, for GE Theatre which was introduced by an actor named Ronald Reagan. He produced the popular US TV series, Route 66, before moving into cinema where he worked on Doctor Doolittle, Goodbye Mr Chips as well as Planet of the Apes.

Among others who died in May were Dom DeLuise , actor and comedian, Velupillai Prabhakaran , Tamil Tiger leader, and Sir Clive Granger, Nobel laureate.

Dinosaur skulls sold at auction

Triceratops skeleton (2008)
The plant-loving triceratops was one of the last dinosaurs to become extinct

Two dinosaur skulls have fetched top prices at an auction in New York.

A giant 65-million-year-old Triceratops skull sold at Bonhams' Natural History auction for $242,000 (£148,000).

A skull from a cousin of the T. rex, the Alioramus remotus, went for $206,000 (£126,000). Both sold for almost double the original estimates.

The auction house would not reveal the buyers, but said the bones could end up as home ornaments.

'Like a sculpture'

The Triceratops skull, which was more than 80% intact, measured some 5.5ft (1.7m) long and had eye sockets the size of dinner plates.

Much smaller than a typical Triceratops head, it is thought to have belonged to a young dinosaur who died of an infection, the New York Times newspaper reported.

"It actually looks lovely... it looks like a sculpture," Bonhams' spokeswoman Staci Smith told AFP news agency.

She said private collectors often snap up "dinosauria" - the collective term for dinosaur eggs, teeth and bone fragments - to decorate their homes, but conceded: "You'd have to have an extremely large living room."

The skulls had been estimated to go for between $120,000 to $140,000 each.

Weekly curry 'may fight dementia'


Curry
The key ingredient appears to be turmeric

Eating a curry once or twice a week could help prevent the onset of Alzheimer's disease and dementia, a US researcher suggests.

The key ingredient is curcumin, a component of the spice turmeric.

Curcumin appears to prevent the spread of amyloid protein plaques - thought to cause dementia - in the brain.

But the theory, presented at the Royal College of Psychiatrists' annual meeting, has been given a lukewarm reception by UK experts.

If you have a good diet and take plenty of exercise, eating curry regularly could help prevent dementia
Professor Murali Doraiswamy
Duke University

Amyloid plaques, along with tangles of nerve fibres, are thought to contribute to the degradation of the wiring in brain cells, eventually leading to symptoms of dementia.

Professor Murali Doraiswamy, of Duke University in North Carolina, said there was evidence that people who eat a curry meal two or three times a week have a lower risk of dementia.

He said researchers were testing the impact of higher doses - the equivalent of going on a curry spree for a week - to see if they could maximise the effect.

Animal studies

Professor Doraiswamy told the meeting: "There is very solid evidence that curcumin binds to plaques, and basic research on animals engineered to produce human amyloid plaques has shown benefits."

"You can modify a mouse so that at about 12 months its brain is riddled with plaques.

"If you feed this rat a curcumin-rich diet it dissolves these plaques. The same diet prevented younger mice from forming new plaques.

"The next step is to test curcumin on human amyloid plaque formation using newer brain scans and there are plans for that."

Professor Doraiswamy said a clinical trial was now underway at the University of California, Los Angeles, to test curcumin's effects in Alzheimer's patients.

He said research had also examined turmeric's therapeutic potential for treating conditions such as cancer and arthritis.

3.6.09

The other pilot


Hubert Latham in his plane
Only a handful of people could have crossed the Channel

By Chris Ledgard

Many of us know the name of Louis Bleriot, the first man to fly across the Channel, but what of the other pilot who tried, failed and ultimately overslept and missed his chance to be remembered by history?

Looking into the tiny wooden cockpit of the Bleriot XI, the first flying machine to cross the English Channel, even a hardened pilot could be forgiven for a bit of trepidation.

FIND OUT MORE...
The Race to Dover, presented by Jonathan Agnew, is on BBC Radio 4 on Wednesday 3 June at 1100 BST
Or listen again on the iPlayer

Photographs and flickering film footage of that summer morning in 1909 suggest the original pilot, Louis Bleriot, was none too keen either.

With his drooping black moustache, he cut a forlorn figure as he limped towards his machine on a cliff top near Calais.

His foot had been badly burned in a trial flight a few days earlier. His plane didn't have a compass, and if his engine failed there was a serious problem - he couldn't swim. But at 4.41am, Louis Bleriot lifted his machine over the cliffs and set off in what - he guessed - was a straight line towards Dover.

In the early period of aviation great strides were made

The race to cross the Channel was the event of the summer. The previous year, the owner of the Daily Mail, Lord Northcliffe, offered a prize of £500 for the first pilot to make the crossing.

Northcliffe was convinced aviation had a big future, and was dismayed at the lack of attention to it in Britain. He wanted to stimulate interest in flying - and sell papers, of course - but the money didn't tempt anyone. So he doubled the prize.

The obvious front-runners were the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur. In 1905, they had flown for 38 minutes, enough for a Channel crossing. But they weren't interested, the aviation expert Philip Jarrett says.

"The Wright brothers weren't into flying for prizes or taking unnecessary risks, so they weren't going to do it. At the end of 1908 when the prize was first offered there probably wasn't anyone else who could have done it - which shows that Lord Northcliffe was far-sighted.

THE MISSING ALARM
Extract from the Times newspaper on 26 July 1909
Extract from the Times newspaper on 26 July 1909 (News International)

"But, by the middle of the next year, there were two or three people who had a reasonable chance of doing it - but only two or three people in the whole world."

The early favourite was Hubert Latham. The languid, chain-smoking Latham was very much the Edwardian playboy sportsman. Born in 1883 into a rich Anglo-French family, he was brought up in the Chateau de Maillebois, about 60 miles West of Paris, as was his great-niece, Sylvie Armand-Delille.

"It's a very romantic fairy tale like castle in red brick, near a river and surrounded by woods," says Ms Armand-Delille.

"Because he was a very passionate hunter he sent a lot of trophies back from Africa, and we're still surrounded by these now hundred-year-old trophies of gazelles, and elephant and rhinoceros tusks."

Pioneering engineers

He was brought up as a Frenchman but spoke English without an accent and went to Oxford University. After leaving university, he made a name for himself as an explorer.

At home, he was part of a social elite, a small, dapper man known for his bravery. In Monaco, he teamed up with the pioneering engineers Leon Levavasseur and Jules Gastambide and raced boats powered by their Antoinette engine.

Hubert Latham
Hubert Latham was eventually to be mauled to death by a wounded buffalo

Latham, says his biographer Barbara Walsh, proved an excellent mascot and frontman.

"So when they were looking for someone who could be their PR man, head up their sales campaign for their aeroplane and make a bid for the Channel flight they called on Latham and asked if he'd like to fly an aeroplane."

Latham's early efforts didn't bode well - he crashed regularly. But he was determined and - once he had mastered the Antoinette monoplane - his team moved to Calais to wait for the right conditions.

He was the favourite, says Walsh, to win the contest. "In fact he put money on it. He admitted to one of his press pals that he'd laid a wager that they'd have the prize by 15 July."

A new breed of journalist - the aviation correspondent - gathered around the Latham camp, feeding their papers with stories of the brave young pioneer who was "in sang-froid and in general demeanour, quite Anglo-Saxon".

Louis Bleriot in his plane
Louis Bleriot may have been rather nervous himself

On the morning of 19 July, Latham rose early, put on his knitted blue jersey and his goggles, and climbed into the plane. But he was barely over the sea before his engine failed. He glided down to the water and, pulling his feet clear of the waves, lit a cigarette and waited to be rescued.

So, says the French aviation writer Michel Benichou, the way was clear for Bleriot.

"Bleriot had told his wife he would never cross the Channel because she was too scared. Eventually, he decided that if Latham fails, I shall enter the competition. So Latham fails, and Bleriot took the train and journalists came with him, and he arrived in Calais with the idea of assembling his aircraft and flying immediately."

Bleriot later confessed that when he was woken early on 25 July, he felt "dreadful" and would have been relieved if the attempt had been called off.

Looking at the Bleriot XI at the Shuttleworth Collection in Bedfordshire, it's easy to understand his apprehension. Egyptian cotton wings linked by a fragile web of wooden struts and wires sit on top of a pair of bicycle wheels.

Latham crashing into the sea in 1909 and Latham crashing into a building at Brooklands racetrack
Aviation in those days involved regular crashes

Like sitting on the back of a butterfly is how someone described flying the plane. Most incredible of all is the size of the Anzani engine - just 25 horsepower, barely enough oomph to carry even a tiny plane across the water. The margin for error for the pilot who couldn't swim was tiny.

The early part of the flight was smooth. Then Bleriot got lost. For ten minutes, he saw nothing in front, behind or below. But, gradually, a thin grey line emerged on the horizon. It was the English coast and Bleriot flew towards the cliffs. A gap appeared and, finding himself over land, he brought his plane down with a crash in a field behind Dover Castle. He had done it.

The flight took 36-and-a-half minutes. His place in history was assured, and his business prospects manufacturing planes were guaranteed. The enterprising Gordon Selfridge had the Bleriot XI taken and displayed in his new department store.

But what of Latham? Few have heard of him now, but were it not for a mysterious chain of events, he might be the one we remember. Like Bleriot, he went to bed on the night of 24 July having requested an early alarm call so he could make an attempt. But his engineer failed to wake him.

Latham, centre in the cap, with a crowd of people
Latham was considered the favourite by many

We'll probably never find out why, but his biographer Barbara Walsh is suspicious. She points out that Latham was unpopular in some quarters: "I don't know what happened. But the Times newspaper was appalled at what they called his supine friends. They had championed him, and they suspected something happened."

Latham went on to break records and win prizes. But, just three years later, he was killed by a wounded buffalo on a hunting expedition in the Congo. It's a strange, sad end to a story of bravery and true pioneering spirit.

Robot sub reaches deepest ocean


Nereus submarine
Nereus can switch between free-swimming and tethered configurations

A robotic sub called Nereus has reached the deepest-known part of the ocean.

The dive to 10,902m (6.8 miles) took place on 31 May, at the Challenger Deep in the Marianas Trench, located in the western Pacific Ocean.

This makes Nereus the deepest-diving vehicle currently in service and the first vehicle to explore the Marianas Trench since 1998.

The unmanned vehicle is remotely operated by pilots aboard a surface ship via a lightweight tether.

Its thin, fibre-optic tether to the research vessel Kilo Moana allows the submersible to make deep dives and be highly manoeuvrable.

Nereus can also be switched into a free-swimming, autonomous vehicle.

"With a robot like Nereus, we can now explore virtually anywhere in the ocean," said Andy Bowen, project manager and principal developer of the sub at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI).

"The trenches are virtually unexplored, and I am absolutely certain Nereus will enable new discoveries. I believe it marks the start of a new era in ocean exploration."

The Challenger Deep is the deepest-known part of the ocean, and part of the Marianas Trench near the island of Guam in the west Pacific.

It is the deepest abyss on Earth at 11,000m-deep, more than 2km (1.2 miles) deeper than Mount Everest is high. At that depth, pressures reach 1,100 times those at the surface.

THE NEREUS SUBMERSIBLE
Nereus submarine
Weight on land: 2,800kg
Payload capacity: 25kg
Maximum speed: 3 knots
Batteries: rechargeable lithium ion

As a result, only two vehicles have ever made the trip to its crushing depths.

In January 1960, Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh made the first and only manned voyage in a Swiss-built bathyscaphe known as the Trieste.

The vessel consisted of a 2m-diameter (6ft) steel sphere containing the crew suspended below a huge 15m-long (50ft) tank of petrol, designed to provide buoyancy.

During the nine-hour mission, the two men spent just 20 minutes on the ocean floor; enough time to measure the depth as 10,916m (35,813 ft).

No manned submersible has ever repeated the dive.

However, 35 years later, a Japanese remote-controlled vehicle called Kaiko returned, setting a depth record for unmanned exploration.

During its dive, the vehicle recorded a depth of 10,911m (35,797ft). It was also able to recover a sediment core and record pictures of life, including a sea cucumber, a worm and a shrimp.

Unlike Nereus, Kaiko had to rely on a cable connected to a ship at the surface for power and control.

The Japanese craft was lost in 2003 on an unrelated dive when a cable connecting it to its control ship snapped.

Currently, the deepest-rated vehicles are able to descend to 6,500m, allowing scientists access to 95% of the seafloor.

Nereus aims to change this to 100%, whilst also allowing scientists to survey a much larger area than vehicles like Kaiko.

Jellyfish crop circle

Visitors to the site have caused further damage to the crops

A 250m-long crop circle of a jellyfish has appeared on farmland causing up to £600,000 worth of damage.

The owners of the land in Oxfordshire have urged visitors to stay away from the circle, which is also 60m (197ft) wide, to avoid further crop damage.

Sally Ann Spence and husband Bill, who own Berry Croft Farm near Ashbury, say hundreds of visitors have been trampling over their field.

They said it is "beautiful" but the flattened crops are now "useless".

"We have not given permission for people to walk on our land," Mrs Spence said.

"The pattern has already cost a great deal of damage - possibly about £600,000.

"People can get a better view from the air."

She said she was not concerned about tracking down the culprits and the incident has not been reported to the police.

It is not the first time crop circles have appeared on their land, they said, but the jellyfish is one of the most spectacular.

1.6.09

Plants 'can recognise themselves'


Sage brush (Artemisia tridentata)
Know thy neighbour: sagebrush plants warn clones of impending danger

Plants may be able to recognise themselves.

Experiments show that a sagebrush plant can recognise a genetically identical cutting growing nearby.

What's more, the two clones communicate and cooperate with one another, to avoid being eaten by herbivores.

The findings, published in Ecology Letters, raise the tantalising possibility that plants, just like animals, often prefer to help their relatives over unrelated individuals.

The ability to distinguish self from non-self is a vital one in nature.

It allows many animals to act preferentially towards others that are genetically related to themselves; for example, a female lion raising her young, or protecting other more distantly related cubs in her pride.

But the evidence that plants can do the same is limited and controversial.

It implies that plants are capable of more sophisticated behaviour than we imagined
Biologist Richard Karban

Some experiments have shown that if a plant's roots grow near to those of another unrelated plant, the two will try to compete for nutrients and water. But if a root grows close to another from the same parent plant, the two do not try to compete with one another.

However, in these experiments, when two cuttings of the same plant are then grown alongside each other, their roots still compete for resources. That infers that two separate plants cannot recognise that they are genetic kin.

Now research by Richard Karban of the University of California, in Davis, US and Kaori Shiojiri of Kyoto University in Otsu, Japan has revealed that some plants are capable of doing just that.

Keep it in the family

They took cuttings of Artemisia tridentata, a species of sagebrush that does not normally reproduce by cloning itself.

They placed each cutting either near its genetic parent, essentially its clone, or near an unrelated sagebrush, and let the plants grow in the wild in the University of California Sagehen Creek Natural Reserve. The researchers clipped each clone they planted, feigning damage that might be caused by natural herbivores such as grasshoppers.

After one year, they found that plants growing alongside their damaged clones suffered 42% less herbivore damage than those growing alongside damaged plants that were unrelated.

Somehow, the clipped plants appeared to be warning their genetically identical neighbours that an attack was imminent, and the neighbour should somehow try to protect itself. But clipped plants didn't warn unrelated neighbours.

Karban says he was "pretty surprised" at the results. "It implies that plants are capable of more sophisticated behaviour than we imagined."

Karban suspects the plants are communicating using volatile chemicals. When one plant is clipped, or comes under attack from herbivores, it emits these chemicals into the air, warning those around it to put up a defence, either by filling their leaves with noxious chemicals, or by physically moving their stems or leaves in some way to make themselves less palatable.

Because his team doesn't yet know exactly how the plants are communicating, others remain sceptical of the research, Karban admits.

"It's controversial," he says. "But through this communication process, sagebrush appears able to distinguish self from non self. And that opens up a lot of other possibilities."

Not least is that wild plants may preferentially be cooperating with their relatives.

There is no hard evidence yet to show this is true, says Karban.

But he hopes others will now do more research to investigate the possibility. In animals, cooperation between related individuals is recognised to be a powerful evolutionary force, one that has been given its own name: kin selection.

Chadians get fangs into 'vampire'

Modestine Danbe and daughter with a bowl of the fried blood dish known as "Vampire"
Modestine Danbe buys buckets of blood from an abattoir and fries it

Hungry people in the central African nation of Chad have raised an old culinary fad from the dead - to get their fangs stuck into fried blood.

"Vampire", as it is jokingly dubbed, is a traditional dish making a comeback amid a global surge in food prices that has left meat too expensive for many.

Meat is often eaten only on special occasions such as religious holidays.

Nutritionists say "vampire" is actually an excellent alternative to goat and sheep, especially for children.

"I make it with peppers, salt, onions, spicy sauce and maggi [stock cubes]. I fry it all up like that; it's good," said Modestine Danbe, who lives in the N'Djamena.

Perhaps it will give me the strength of a vampire
James
Saturday-morning drinker

Ms Danbe is one of many women in the city's Walia neighbourhood, close to the Cameroonian border, who has taken to frying up huge vats of blood and selling it to her neighbours on the streets.

She buys buckets of fresh blood from the abattoir near her home for about $1 (£0.61), which makes about 40 plates of "vampire".

Each plate sells for about $0.2 (£0.1), so after the costs of the other ingredients her profit is about $7 (£4.3).

"It's actually an excellent source of nutrients, especially for children," said Robert Johnston, a nutritional specialist for Unicef in Chad.

"Blood pudding and liver have been used in other countries to promote high-protein intake for families who don't have daily access to meat."

Making a killing

Meat-based products make up a large part of the average Chadian diet.

Many people in the north of the country come from nomadic backgrounds, where drinking an animal's blood without actually killing the beast is a survival technique in lean times.

Vampire is making a killing in Walia's ubiquitous bili bili (local millet brew) bars, where liquid diets require some supplements.

"The taste is good, a bit like liver. I really like it," said James, a Saturday-morning drinker.

"I suppose it doesn't sound very good to be associated with sucking blood, but I don't really care. Perhaps it will give me the strength of a vampire!"

People may be able to taste words

Alphabet soup (Corbis)
It may be that everyone can taste language to a certain degree

We are all capable of "hearing" shapes and sizes and perhaps even "tasting" sounds, according to researchers.

This blending of sensory experiences, or synaesthesia, they say, influences our perception and helps us make sense of a jumble of simultaneous sensations.

Oxford University scientists found that people associate lower-pitched sounds with larger and more rounded shapes.

One of the team is now working with chef Heston Blumenthal to incorporate words into a new dining experience.

Synaesthesia itself is a rare and unusual condition thought to affect less than 1% of the population.

It can takes many different forms - some people may "see sounds", in that certain sounds trigger them to see particular colours. Others might experience colours while reading those words in simple black text.

But according to Charles Spence, a professor of experimental psychology at Oxford University, we are all "synaesthetes" up to a point.

Hearing shapes

He and his co-author, Cesare Parise, tested 12 volunteers in trials during which an image flashed up on a screen at a slightly different time to one of two tones - one low-pitched and one high-pitched - being played.

There were two sets of image: a large and a small black dot, or an angular and a very rounded shape.

Dots of a certain size match tones of a certain pitch. People associate the low-pitched sound with the larger dot

The volunteers had to say which came first - the image or the tone.

The larger dots and more rounded shapes are perceived to "match" the lower-pitched sounds. And this matching and mismatching affected how well people performed on the task.

"People are better at discriminating which came first when the sound and shape don't match," explained Professor Spence.

"When the sound and the image didn't match, people found it easier to keep them separate," he said. "Whereas with a congruent pairing - a small dot and a high-pitched sound - the participant's brain seemed to bind them together more."

The team also looked at volunteers' "spatial recognition". They played sounds either the left or right of the image, and discovered that people found it easier to work out which side the sound came from if it did not "match" the image.

Particular shapes match tones of a certain pitch. People associate the high-pitched sound with the more angular shape

It seems our brains may use these synaesthetic associations, says Professor Spence, "to combine all of the different sensory cues that are hitting our receptors at any one time".

"If there are lots of other visual events at the same time, for example, if I'm at a noisy party, how do I know which face goes with which voice?" he asked.

"We can match sights and sounds that come from the same position, or those that happen at the same time, but there are problems with this.

"If you think about thunder and lightning - as things get further away from us, the sound of the thunder gets separated from the visual event of the lightning.

"And if I move my head but not my eyes, or move my eyes but not my head, that's going to introduce some misalignment between my ears and eyes - between hearing and vision.

"So this synaesthetic correspondence is a third thing that the brain can use."

The idea of a particular word "sounding" sharp or soft - is not new. But this is the first time it has been shown to directly affect the perception of "non-synaesthetes".

Eat your words

Something that all synaesthetes have in common is that particular tones or words will always elicit precisely the same colours or tastes.

Psychology experiment shapes
Which one of these shapes is 'bouba' and which one is 'kiki'?

And Professor Spence thinks he can use this to enhance our experience of flavour.

The concept of sharp- and soft-sounding words was introduced in 1929, when Estonian psychologist Wolfgang Kohler designed an experiment that asked people to choose which of two shapes was named "bouba" and which was "kiki".

The vast majority of people choose kiki for the orange angular shape and bouba for the purple rounded shape.

Professor Spence thinks this strange language can influence our taste buds.

Working with world-renowned chef Heston Blumenthal, he is trying to directly combine an auditory experience into a dish.

"We've been giving people dishes and asking them questions about them, including is that food more of a 'bouba' or a 'kiki'? Or is it a 'maluma' or 'takete'?" he told BBC News.

Brie and cranberries
Brie is "very maluma" whereas cranberries are "very takete"

He said that two of the best examples are brie, which is "very maluma", whereas cranberries are "very takete".

"The idea is that you get people to take part in the experiment by giving them two plates of food, and saying 'one of these is a takete and one is a maluma,' but not tell them which is which until they've eaten it.

The team may also, he says, make up a few new tasty-sounding words for dishes at Mr Blumenthal's restaurant. "We haven't decided which ones to use yet."

Tomato pill 'beats heart disease'


Tomatoes
Tomatoes are a rich source of lycopene

Scientists say a natural supplement made from tomatoes, taken daily, can stave off heart disease and strokes.

The tomato pill contains an active ingredient from the Mediterranean diet - lycopene - that blocks "bad" LDL cholesterol that can clog the arteries.

Ateronon, made by a biotechnology spin-out company of Cambridge University, is being launched as a dietary supplement and will be sold on the high street.

Experts said more trials were needed to see how effective the treatment is.

Preliminary trials involving around 150 people with heart disease indicate that Ateronon can reduce the oxidation of harmful fats in the blood to almost zero within eight weeks, a meeting of the British Cardiovascular Society will be told at Ateronon's launch on Monday.

Our advice to heart disease patients or those at high risk is to rely on proven medications prescribed by their doctor, and aim to get the benefits of a Mediterranean diet by eating plenty of fresh fruit and veg
Professor Peter Weissberg of the British Heart Foundation

Neuroscientist Peter Kirkpatrick, who will lead a further research project at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge on behalf of Cambridge Theranostics Ltd, said the supplement could be much more effective than statin drugs that are currently used by doctors to treat high cholesterol.

But Professor Peter Weissberg of the British Heart Foundation said: "As always, we caution people to wait for any new drug or modified 'natural' product to be clinically proven to offer benefits before taking it.

"It will take some time, and several clinical trials, to provide such evidence for Ateronon.

"In the meantime, our advice to heart disease patients or those at high risk is to rely on proven medications prescribed by their doctor, and aim to get the benefits of a Mediterranean diet by eating plenty of fresh fruit and veg."

He said the British Heart Foundation had supported some of the basic science at Cambridge University underpinning the development of the product.

Professor Anthony Leeds, trustee of the cholesterol charity Heart UK, said: "The new lycopene product Ateronon represents an entirely new approach to the treatment of high blood cholesterol and opens up the exciting possibility."

He said the preliminary findings were "very promising".

Lycopene is an antioxidant contained in the skin of tomatoes which gives them their red colour. But lycopene ingested in its natural form is poorly absorbed.

Ateronon contains a refined, more readily absorbed version of lycopene that was originally developed by Nestle.

Dr Peter Coleman of The Stroke Association said: "We know that diets rich in antioxidants are beneficial in reducing the plaque build up and welcome the findings of this research."

Trivia Times Issue 42


£4-75

'Lost' music instrument recreated

Lituus being played (EPSRC)
The Lituus is a straight horn measuring 2.4m with a flared end

New software has enabled researchers to recreate a long forgotten musical instrument called the Lituus.

The 2.7m (8.5ft) long trumpet-like instrument was played in Ancient Rome but fell out of use some 300 years ago.

Bach's motet (a choral musical composition) "O Jesu Christ, meins lebens licht" was one of the last pieces of music written for the Lituus.

Now, for the first time, this 18th Century composition has been played as it should have been heard.

Researchers from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the University of Edinburgh collaborated on the study.

Performed by the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis (SCB) the Lituus produced a piercing trumpet-like sound interleaving with the vocals.

Until now, no one had a clear idea of what this instrument looked or sounded like.

But researchers at Edinburgh University developed a system that enabled them to design the Lituus from the best guesses of its shape and range of notes.

The result was a 2.4m (8ft) -long thin straight horn, with a flared bell at the end.

Hard to play

It is an unwieldy instrument with a limited tonal range that is hard to play. But played well, it gives Johann Sebastian Bach's motet a haunting feel that couldn't be reproduced by modern instruments.

The software was originally developed by a PhD student Dr Alistair Braden to improve the design of modern brass instruments.

But Dr Braden and his supervisor Professor Murray Campbell, were approached by a Swiss-based music conservatoire specialising in early music, the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, to help them recreate the Lituus - even though no one alive today has heard, played or even seen a picture of this forgotten instrument.

SCB gave the Edinburgh team their expert thoughts on what the Lituus may have been like in terms of the notes it produced, its tonal quality and how it might have been played.

They also provided cross-section diagrams of instruments they believed to be similar to the Lituus.

Lituus being played (EPSRC)
The reconstruction could have been manufactured in Bach's time

"The software used this data to design an elegant, usable instrument with the required acoustic and tonal qualities," says Professor Campbell.

"The key was to ensure that the design we generated would not only sound right but look right as well."

He added: "Crucially, the final design produced by the software could have been made by a manufacturer in Bach's time without too much difficulty."

SCB has now used Edinburgh's designs to build two identical examples of the long-lost instrument.

Both were used in an experimental performance of "O Jesu Christ, meins lebens licht" in Switzerland earlier this year.

Written by Bach in the 1730s, it is thought that this is now the only piece of music in existence that specifies the use of the Lituus - and has almost certainly not been performed using this instrument since Bach's time.

"Sophisticated computer modelling software has a huge role to play in the way we make music in the future," comments Professor Campbell.

The software also opens up the possibility that brass instruments could be customised more closely to the needs of individual players in the future - catering more closely for the differing needs of jazz, classical and other players all over the world.

Stage legend La Rue dies at 81

Entertainer Danny La Rue has died at his home in Kent at the age of 81, his spokeswoman has said.

"Danny died peacefully in his sleep just before midnight last night after a short illness," she said.

"His beloved companion Annie Galbraith was with him at their home in Kent," she added.

La Rue had been ill with cancer. He made a career out of his vaudeville drag act although he disliked being called a drag artist.

La Rue preferred the term "comic in a frock".

Famous fan

He made few appearances on television, but played a leading role in keeping the traditions of music hall and pantomime alive.

Danny La Rue
La Rue suffered a stroke in 2006.

In the 1970s and 1980s, La Rue was the most famous female impersonator in the world and was at one time the highest-paid entertainer in Britain, according to The Stage newspaper.

He received an OBE from the Queen at Buckingham Palace in 2002 who admitted to being a long-time fan of the entertainer.

La Rue, who was born Daniel Patrick Carroll in Cork in the Irish Republic, moved to London with his mother when he was nine.

HAVE YOUR SAY
He was a dazzling star, one of a kind, and will be missed very much
WB, Cardiff, UK

He first donned his wig and eyelashes during a naval concert party, having been sent to Singapore as part of Lord Mountbatten's invasion task force towards the end of World War II.

He went on to become a West End cabaret star and was the first female impersonator to appear at the Royal Variety performance in front of the Queen.

He was appointed an OBE in 2002.

UK remains near top of EU beer tax league

Tax levels on UK beer remain the third highest in Europe – with British drinkers paying nine times the duty rate of their German counterparts, new figures have revealed.

British beer drinkers also pay more in duty on a single UK pint, than the combined duty on five pints from each of the five other largest member states, according to the figures from the British Beer & Pub Association (BBPA).

Out of 27 EU countries only Ireland and Finland still impose higher rates of duty than the UK, according to the study.

The figures show that Finland pays a whopping 61.74 pence per pint, while the UK level is 45.89 pence per pint.

Last year the UK figure was 42.5 pence per pint. In 2007 this figure was 39p.

David Long, the BBPA’s chief executive, said: “With elections to the European Parliament taking place next week, beer lovers will note the extent to which they are being taxed above and beyond other consumers in the rest of the EU.

“We hope that those MEPs elected as a result of these elections will stand up for British beer lovers and the great British pub.”

The figures were compiled as part of the on-going Axe the Beer Tax, Save the Pub campaign, launched by the BBPA and the Campaign for Real Ale last year. More than 70,000 people have joined or supported the campaign, including more than 200 MPs.

Pence per pint, April 2009

Finland 61.74

Ireland 51.99

UK 45.89

Sweden 43.15

Denmark 19.42

Slovenia 17.95

Netherlands 17.08

Italy 14.76

Estonia 12.88

Austria 12.56

Cyprus 12.51

Hungary 11.12

Belgium 10.74

Slovakia 10.36

Poland 9.46

Portugal 9.05

Greece 8.54

France 6.91

Lithuania 6.44

Spain 5.71

Czech 5.55

Latvia 5.35

Luxembourg 4.98

Germany 4.94

Bulgaria 4.82

Malta 4.71

Romania 4.15

Strong reception for Google Wave


Google Wave
Google Wave mixes e-mail, IM and other web feeds

Industry experts have given a broadly positive reaction to Google Wave.

Still in development, Google Wave is a browser-based tool that mixes e-mail, with Instant Messaging and real-time online collaboration elements.

Harry McCracken, of Technologizer.com, wrote: "It's one of the most ambitious services that Google or anyone else has cooked up".

Google Wave is currently only open to developers interested in building applications for the tool.

Google Wave co-creator Lars Rasmussen wrote on the official Google blog: "A wave is equal parts conversation and document, where people can communicate and work together with richly formatted text, photos, videos, maps, and more.

"In Google Wave you create a wave and add people to it. Everyone on your wave can use richly formatted text, photos, gadgets, and even feeds from other sources on the web. They can insert a reply or edit the wave directly.

"It's concurrent rich-text editing, where you see on your screen nearly instantly what your fellow collaborators are typing in your wave."

The technology has been described as e-mail for the 21st Century, a rival to Twitter and to Microsoft's collaboration software, Sharepoint.

Jordan Golson, writer for GigaOm.com, said Google had a poor track record of making a business out of any of its products, other than search.

"Maybe it will work. Maybe Wave will take over the world. But, with the notable exceptions of Gmail and search ads, Google has a poor track record with product launches. It is really, really good at vanity exercises, though."

MG Sieglar, a reporter Techcrunch, said the tool "drips with ambition".

He wrote: "Wave offers a very sleek and easy way to navigate and participate in communication on the web that makes both e-mail and instant messaging look stale."

The announcement of Wave, together with the development of tools like Twitter and Friend Feed, point to the genesis of the real-time web, in which communication, search, collaboration, and the bridge between offline and online blurs into a contemporaneous mix.

Ben Parr, from Mashable.com, who tested a preview of Google Wave, said: "Our initial impression of Google Wave is a very positive one.

"It's already got certain aspects, like navigation, absolutely right. With some great third-party apps and greater customization, Google Wave could actually match its hype."

Bonkers stays top of the charts


Dizzee Rascal
Bonkers is Dizzee Rascal's second UK chart-topper

UK rapper Dizzee Rascal has topped the UK singles chart for a second week with his hit song Bonkers.

The 24-year-old Londoner held off competition from the Black Eyed Peas and Swedish singer Agnes who entered the chart at three with Release Me.

Meanwhile Britain's Got Talent 2008 finalists Escala entered the album chart at number two with their self-titled debut album.

The string quartet also had an entry in the singles chart with Palladio at 38.

Also in the singles chart, former chart-topper Number 1 from Tinchy Stryder fell one place to four while Eminem's We Made You slipped down six places to 10.

UK TOP FIVE SINGLES
1 Bonkers - Dizzee Rascal
2 Boom Boom Pow - Black Eyed Peas
3 Release Me - Agnes
4 Number 1 - Tinchy Stryder
5 Red - Daniel Merriweather
Source: Official Charts Company

The highest climber in the chart was Australian duo The Veronicas who rose 146 places to number eight.

Eminem remained at the top of the album chart with Relapse, his first studio album for more than four years.

Other new entries included a four CD box set of past Pink albums at seven and the 16th studio album from 80s rockers Simple Minds at 10.

Rock giants Iron Maiden also entered the chart at number 15 with live album Flight 666.

Scottish singer Paulo Nutini continued to hold on to his place in the top 40 with his debut album These Streets at 36 after 122 weeks on the chart.

Rare bumblebee coming back to UK


Bumblebee (BBC)
Bumblebee numbers have been dropping around the world

A bumblebee which is extinct in the UK, is to be reintroduced from New Zealand under plans being announced.

The short-haired bumblebee was exported from the UK to New Zealand on the first refrigerated lamb boats in the late 19th Century to pollinate clover crops.

It was last seen in the UK in 1988, but populations on the other side of the world have survived.

Now Natural England and several other conservation groups have launched a scheme to bring the species home.

International rescue

Poul Christensen, Natural England's acting chairman, said; "Bumblebees are suffering unprecedented international declines and drastic action is required to aid their recovery.

"Bumblebees play a key role in maintaining food supplies - we rely on their ability to pollinate crops and we have to do all we can to provide suitable habitat and to sustain the diversity of bee species.

"This international rescue mission has two aims - to restore habitat in England, thereby giving existing bees a boost; and to bring the short-haired bumblebee home where it can be protected."

As many as 100 of the bees will initially be collected in New Zealand and a captive breeding plan established, with the aim of eventually releasing them at Dungeness, Kent, where they were last seen.

They will be flown back on planes in cool boxes, and will not be disturbed, according to Natural England, as they will be in hibernation during transit.

The scheme's project officer Nikki Gammans said the bumblebee was a "keystone species" which was key to pollinating around 80% of important crops.

"By creating the right habitat for these bumblebees, we are recreating wildflower habitat that has been lost, which will be good for butterflies, water voles and nesting birds."

Tube undergoes language upgrade

Ticket machines on the London Underground (LU) have been upgraded to operate in 17 different languages.

Some of the touch-screen machines were already available in six languages - English, French, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish.

From Monday, all machines in every station will also have Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Urdu, Polish, Punjabi, Tamil, and Turkish.

More than 300 languages are spoken in total in London.

Kulveer Ranger, Transport Director to the Mayor of London, said: "Boosting the number of languages on our ticket machines is just another step in making life easier for those who live in, or travel through, the capital.

He said it would give many people added confidence, help maintain London as a city that supports its cultural diversity and would also improve tourists' visits to the city.

LU is undertaking a major programme of renewal as part of Transport for London's Investment Programme.

Birdsong radio taken off the air


Blackbird. Image: Rob Robinson / BTO
The recording of birds was made 20 years ago

A digital radio station which became unexpectedly popular with listeners by playing just birdsong is to go off the air on Monday morning.

It is being replaced by an interactive radio station which will play a mix of indie, urban, rock and jazz music by unsigned artists.

The Birdsong channel had been broadcasting for almost 18 months.

It was aimed as a temporary filler after the DAB OneWord station closed, but attracted thousands of listeners.

The recording was made 20 years ago by Quentin Howard in his back garden in Wiltshire, who is now the chief executive of a number of radio stations.

He decided to broadcast it to fill the empty radio space, and since then nearly half a million people tuned in. Author Sir Terry Pratchett said he found it relaxing, fans set up Facebook sites, and a separate Birdsong Radio began online, selling CDs.

Its replacement, Amazing Radio, features songs from artists who have uploaded their music to website amazingtunes.com over the past four years.